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Downloaded from
YTS.BZ

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(lively music)

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Official YIFY movies site:
YTS.BZ

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The Farnborough Air Show

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one of the largest in the world.

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Global weapons giants
like BAE Systems,

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Lockheed Martin and Airbus
come to show off their latest

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military hardware.

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Billions of dollars of civil

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and military deals are done here
every year.

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Standing shoulder to shoulder
with these global

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military giants are Israel's
top weapons manufacturers

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like Israel Aerospace
Industries

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and missile makers Rafael.

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In the main hall,
Israel's largest

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private weapons
company, Elbit has a huge stand.

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They need it to showcase
their world class

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drones and missiles.

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Despite its tiny population,
Israel is the world's

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ninth largest weapons producer.

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(missile sounds from TV)

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This high budget
promo is for the trophy

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anti-missile system
made by Israeli company Rafael.

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It's the kind of advanced
technology Israel specializes in

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and makes the
Israeli Merkva tank

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one of the best on the market.

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Automatically activated
only when enemy fire

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is sure to hit the vehicle.

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Both tank and
anti-missile system sell

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around the world to
undisclosed clients.

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Overall, Israel exports
more than $13 billion

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of weapons and
surveillance equipment a year.

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And with adverts
like this for the

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Spike Firefly,
Israeli company's hint

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that their products may have
been battle tested in Palestine.

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So how does being
a major arms supplier

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impact Israel's
diplomatic position?

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Could it give the country

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a measure of impunity when it
wants to undertake its own wars?

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(explosion)

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(atmospheric music)

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I've just got a stash of books
from my publisher today.

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My book and other
books are mostly related

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to Palestine and,

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guerrilla journalism.

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Just some light reading.

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I'm about to do an event,

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a QandA about my book,
The Palestine Laboratory.

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The book's been
quite controversial.

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It's a look at how
the occupation

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of Palestine allows Israel

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to test weapons, which are
then sold around the world.

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I wanted to do a book, really,
not just about the whole concept

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of the arms industry,
which is an

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interesting subject,
but can be a bit dry.

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But what Israel is
testing and selling

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and promoting is not
just weaponry, it's an idea.

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It's a concept.

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And it's a very appealing
concept to many other countries.

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Israel sells the idea
of getting away with it.

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To find out how tiny Israel

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has managed to develop this huge

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military and
surveillance machine.

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I'm heading back to
Israel and Palestine.

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It's not really clear
if I'm going to get in.

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I haven't been
there for a few years.

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Wish me luck.

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(tense music)

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Although I'm Jewish, I'm
not a citizen of Israel.

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And their immigration rules say
they can refuse entry to critics

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of the country or those
who have called for boycotts.

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So they have multiple reasons
for turning me away.

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My arrival was
surprisingly smooth,

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so I'm heading straight
to East Jerusalem.

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Israel has been occupying

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the West Bank since 1967, and
has developed a unique system

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of controlling the
Palestinian population,

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from checkpoints
in the separation wall

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to increasingly innovative
methods of surveillance.

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These walls are not
just walls, they can listen,

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and they are listening
to probably us right now

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I suspect.

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It's in these population
management technologies

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that Israel is a global leader.

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So I want to
see how they first

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use it to control Palestinians

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before being sold
around the world.

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I'm on my way to meet Osama,
a businessman in East Jerusalem,

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to find out how all this impacts
ordinary Palestinians.

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You can see my
office from this camera...

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inside.

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So the cameras are both
looking into Damascus Gate,

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but also out.
- In and out.

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So I'm standing on a balcony,

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literally overlooking
Damascus Gate.

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It's Osama's office, his
insurance office and all around

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behind me over there,
there's multiple

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surveillance towers.
Right behind me.

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there's a camera watching me.

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So I'm going to watch it.

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Osama wants to show

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me the very physical reality
of the occupation.

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The restrictions
on the movement of Palestinians,

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His daily commute from
the West Bank to Jerusalem

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is through the
Columbia checkpoint.

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Osama, how do you feel

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when you cross
Columbia checkpoint?

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You're crying.

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I think 24 hours
about my, my daughter.

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My son.

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If he need me.

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I am here, in this traffic.

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I need 3 or 4 hours to go to
help my son.

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- I do.

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I can understand
why this would make you nervous.

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You can see soldier here.
Any mistake,

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you lost your life.

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And that's happened
many times.

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Yes.

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The soldiers have the power to

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detain people like
Osama for hours.

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Question them and place them in

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administrative
detention without charge.

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or trial.

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It's almost like you have
to ask permission

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to go into Jerusalem
to get back to your own city.

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But this physical infrastructure
is just the beginning.

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Israel has a vision
of a seamless

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future where
technology minimizes

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the interactions between

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Palestinians and
the Israeli army.

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Israel says it's safer,
but it's quite dystopic.

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Mona, hi!
- Hi.

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I'm meeting
Palestinian digital rights

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campaigner Mona
Shtaya to find out more.

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Explain the growing trend within

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Israeli thinking of a so-called
frictionless occupation.

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Well, the whole
automation aims to

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eliminate the direct interaction

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between the Israeli
as occupying force

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and Palestinians
as occupied people.

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And to make the main interaction

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between Palestinians
and the technology.

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So it could create this idea

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that our problem is not with the

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occupier, but rather
with the technology.

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Hebron is the testing ground

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for many of the supposedly
frictionless technologies.

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The city is split into
two zones, each one

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with a population
of nearly 200,000.

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In H2, 35,000 Palestinians live

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under the gaze
of the 750 settlers,

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and 800 soldiers who have taken
over the center of the city.

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Palestinians living in H2 face
the heaviest surveillance

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in the West Bank, and the
strictest travel restrictions.

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(pulsing tense score)

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Under the so-called
frictionless occupation

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these cameras are linked to
artificial intelligence systems,

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watching for what Israel deems
threatening behavior.

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There's someone who watches you,
who knows what you are doing,

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but you don't necessarily know
who's watching you.

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Palestinians
needs to think about

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behaving at our
best all the time.

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Sometimes you
might be angry from

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something that
happens with your family,

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in your home,
or at your work, and

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then you might look like angry.

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And with a predictive policing,
you never know

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when you would
be identified as a

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security threat by the Israelis.

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So you need to
fake your emotions.

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If the frictionless occupation
can't get a fixed

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camera on you, it can
send a flying one.

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This was recorded just a few
miles south of Hebron.

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(drone buzzing)

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Issa Amro is a human
rights activist living in H2.

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This is a military post full
of cameras and surveillance.

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And they watch us for sure now.

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So let's say hi.

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I usually say hi to them.

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We are in the main street
in Tel Rumeida

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Palestinians are not allowed
to drive here.

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Palestinian shops are closed
by military orders

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and the streets here is full of
Israeli military surveillance.

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Let's see.

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The Palestinian
kids in the window,

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they are caged in the house.

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Look, they
put fences in their

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windows to be
protected from the settler

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and army violence. Look!

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Surveillance
for the military is up there.

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And this is the surveillance
of the Israeli settlers.

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So imagine that,
the Israeli settlers

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they have their
own systems here.

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These checkpoints are
where the latest

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frictionless
technology is tested,

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including this AI enabled
remotely controlled gun,

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which fires stun grenades, tear
gas and sponge chip bullets.

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It's made by Israeli company
Smart Shooter.

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These checkpoints also boast

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Israel's most comprehensive data
gathering tool,

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Wolf Pack.

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From 10 to 15 cameras
are on the checkpoint.

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This is where they use
Red Wolf and Blue Wolf.

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The Israeli military recently

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invented two systems
Red wolf and Blue Wolf.

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Blue wolf in the
soldiers phones.

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They take your photo, then
they know all details about you.

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Where you've been,
where you go,

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what you like, what

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you don't like,
your private things.

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Then there is another system.

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The Red Wolf is set up in the

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checkpoints and
in the control rooms,

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and it's profiling Palestinians

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according to their
political stance.

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When the soldiers scan a

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Palestinian's face,
they get a traffic

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light style indication
of their supposed risk.

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White, for Palestinians
who are not doing

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anything about the occupation.

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You have yellow
and you have orange.

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For example, I'm a human
rights defender, I am red.

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It means check him,
make his life harder.

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He's a suspect.

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So the frictionless technology
actually enables a lot more

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friction for some people.

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They use us as simulation
objects for their technology.

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Israeli security solution
companies, they install

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cameras, sensors,
drones and they

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tested it on us
without our consent.

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Do they sell it?

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00:14:05,799 --> 00:14:08,799
Do they use it for
other research?

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What kind of data
do they collect?

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It seems to be the often secret
partnerships

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between the military and private
sector that have helped Israeli

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companies become
world leaders in their fields.

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In 2019, a report revealed
that Israeli company

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Anyvision had installed
turnstiles in the West Bank

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and was collecting movement
and biometric data

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from the tens of thousands of
Palestinians forced to use them.

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Early investor
Microsoft pulled their

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funding after this was revealed.

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The company changed its name
to Oosto and says it works in 43

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countries,
with clients including

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casinos, airports and schools.

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(tense music)

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Another Israeli company,
Viisights,

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make behavioral
recognition systems

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that watch CCTV
feeds for any threats.

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The company actually created
the ability to take a real time

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video stream and understand

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00:15:02,793 --> 00:15:04,919
what's going on
within the stream.

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The company is supported
by the Israeli military.

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It's marketed for use in cities,
prisons and refugee camps

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around the world.

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We're in Abu Dis in East
Jerusalem and I'm standing

258
00:15:20,039 --> 00:15:25,159
next to a old but now derelict
hotel owned by Palestinians.

259
00:15:25,840 --> 00:15:27,399
And during the second intifada,

260
00:15:27,450 --> 00:15:30,615
in the early 2000s,
the separation wall

261
00:15:30,639 --> 00:15:33,720
was built, and it's kind of
surrounded now on all sides.

262
00:15:34,240 --> 00:15:35,399
No one can access it.

263
00:15:35,399 --> 00:15:38,159
The owners can't use it.
The guests are not coming.

264
00:15:38,159 --> 00:15:40,440
But what Israel has
done is on the top,

265
00:15:40,440 --> 00:15:42,960
they've installed
surveillance cameras.

266
00:15:42,960 --> 00:15:45,255
The location is
patrolled by police

267
00:15:45,268 --> 00:15:48,241
and private security
24 hours a day.

268
00:15:48,720 --> 00:15:49,559
Just a minute ago we

269
00:15:49,559 --> 00:15:52,559
saw them move,
probably to watch us.

270
00:15:52,639 --> 00:15:54,940
Minutes later,
four young Israeli police

271
00:15:54,951 --> 00:15:57,668
officers with machine
guns approached us.

272
00:15:58,076 --> 00:15:59,639
So what are you doing here?

273
00:15:59,639 --> 00:16:01,255
We’re just filming a
documentary about

274
00:16:01,279 --> 00:16:02,495
the situation here.

275
00:16:02,600 --> 00:16:03,679
(van horn)

276
00:16:04,270 --> 00:16:06,855
This formerly Palestinian
run hotel,

277
00:16:06,879 --> 00:16:07,919
taken over
by the military

278
00:16:07,945 --> 00:16:10,311
and turned into a
surveillance post,

279
00:16:10,600 --> 00:16:13,320
could be seen as a
microcosm of the occupation.

280
00:16:13,919 --> 00:16:17,360
But what is visible is just
part of the overall picture

281
00:16:17,720 --> 00:16:20,720
of how the occupation
surveils Palestinians.

282
00:16:21,604 --> 00:16:22,971
First, there is the physical

283
00:16:22,984 --> 00:16:25,240
infrastructure of
walls and checkpoints.

284
00:16:25,840 --> 00:16:29,519
The checkpoints record movement
data and biometric information.

285
00:16:29,879 --> 00:16:33,799
Then they have CCTV cameras,
which are monitored by AI

286
00:16:33,960 --> 00:16:36,368
for perceived threats
of violence, and

287
00:16:36,379 --> 00:16:38,799
that in turn is hooked
up to databases

288
00:16:38,799 --> 00:16:42,440
like Red Wolf, which track
everyone's political profile.

289
00:16:43,080 --> 00:16:44,961
But there's also a
more fundamental

290
00:16:44,974 --> 00:16:46,919
level of surveillance,
which is that

291
00:16:46,919 --> 00:16:50,720
most of the phone and internet
system is routed through Israel.

292
00:16:52,159 --> 00:16:53,440
Israel is

293
00:16:53,440 --> 00:16:55,933
controlling the
ICT infrastructure in

294
00:16:55,946 --> 00:16:58,320
the occupied
Palestinian territory,

295
00:16:58,399 --> 00:17:01,639
which means that
Palestinians are not able

296
00:17:01,639 --> 00:17:05,039
to have safe access
to the internet.

297
00:17:05,560 --> 00:17:08,440
With control of basic
communications infrastructure

298
00:17:08,759 --> 00:17:12,640
the Israelis know every phone
number and can tap any call.

299
00:17:13,365 --> 00:17:15,413
Israeli intelligence
also have teams

300
00:17:15,425 --> 00:17:17,920
monitoring all the
social media platforms.

301
00:17:18,404 --> 00:17:20,199
Many Palestinians,
basically they don't

302
00:17:20,211 --> 00:17:21,960
share their political
opinion online

303
00:17:21,960 --> 00:17:24,304
because they would
be afraid of being

304
00:17:24,316 --> 00:17:26,920
interrogated or
arrested by the Israelis.

305
00:17:27,000 --> 00:17:29,920
I find it remarkable
that sometimes blanket

306
00:17:29,920 --> 00:17:33,680
CCTV coverage, analyzed
by artificial intelligence

307
00:17:33,680 --> 00:17:35,931
and backed up by
biometric movement

308
00:17:35,942 --> 00:17:38,519
tracking just isn't
enough surveillance.

309
00:17:39,480 --> 00:17:41,596
I'm off to meet a man
who once presented

310
00:17:41,607 --> 00:17:43,319
such a threat to the authorities

311
00:17:43,680 --> 00:17:46,799
that they deployed the world's
most invasive spyware on him.

312
00:17:47,407 --> 00:17:50,127
Anthony, hi,
and lovely to meet you.

313
00:17:50,166 --> 00:17:52,926
Ubai Al Aboudi didn’t
look threatening to me.

314
00:17:52,960 --> 00:17:54,766
He runs the Bisan Center,
which

315
00:17:54,778 --> 00:17:56,960
campaigns for the
rights of Palestinians.

316
00:17:59,119 --> 00:18:02,640
Do you have any idea
why you were targeted?

317
00:18:02,680 --> 00:18:04,970
I think it has to do
with the targeting

318
00:18:04,981 --> 00:18:07,400
of any kind of
Palestinian civil society.

319
00:18:07,680 --> 00:18:10,680
Israel sees us as, part of,

320
00:18:11,440 --> 00:18:14,119
establishing that there
is a Palestinian people.

321
00:18:15,279 --> 00:18:16,359
How did you hear that

322
00:18:16,359 --> 00:18:18,480
your phone had been
infected by Pegasus

323
00:18:18,480 --> 00:18:20,240
and why do you
think that happened?

324
00:18:20,240 --> 00:18:22,123
You're working with
Palestinian human

325
00:18:22,134 --> 00:18:23,880
rights organization Al Haq,
right?

326
00:18:24,720 --> 00:18:28,440
I was contacted by
Al Haq in late 2021.

327
00:18:28,839 --> 00:18:30,637
They found that, one of their

328
00:18:30,650 --> 00:18:32,960
employees had
Pegasus on his phone.

329
00:18:33,319 --> 00:18:34,900
I had my device checked, and he

330
00:18:34,912 --> 00:18:36,759
told me that my
phone was infected

331
00:18:37,079 --> 00:18:38,440
by Pegasus spyware.

332
00:18:38,440 --> 00:18:41,440
A couple of days later,
the Israeli,

333
00:18:42,000 --> 00:18:44,119
Minister of Defense,

334
00:18:44,119 --> 00:18:47,359
Benny Gantz, designated
six Palestinian civil society

335
00:18:47,359 --> 00:18:49,373
organizations as
terrorist organizations,

336
00:18:49,384 --> 00:18:51,119
- Including Bisan?
- Including Bisan.

337
00:18:51,839 --> 00:18:53,968
Pegasus is unique
spyware that can

338
00:18:53,980 --> 00:18:56,119
access every
aspect of your phone.

339
00:18:56,319 --> 00:18:59,319
It can take control of your
camera, your microphone,

340
00:18:59,519 --> 00:19:02,519
and broadcast it to those
controlling the software.

341
00:19:03,000 --> 00:19:06,000
They can see
your location, access your data

342
00:19:06,000 --> 00:19:07,760
and see what's on your screen,

343
00:19:07,772 --> 00:19:09,960
including encrypted
messaging apps.

344
00:19:11,039 --> 00:19:12,839
Is there anything you feel like
you can do,

345
00:19:12,839 --> 00:19:14,474
or do you ultimately
feel like there's

346
00:19:14,487 --> 00:19:15,880
not much you can practically do?

347
00:19:15,960 --> 00:19:19,000
It was explained to
me by a citizen lab

348
00:19:19,000 --> 00:19:22,559
that once a state actor
goes after any citizen

349
00:19:22,559 --> 00:19:24,292
or small organization, there's

350
00:19:24,305 --> 00:19:26,400
basically very
little they can do.

351
00:19:26,440 --> 00:19:28,351
Pegasus is produced by Israeli

352
00:19:28,363 --> 00:19:31,119
surveillance company NSO,
and is marketed

353
00:19:31,119 --> 00:19:32,865
to government agencies as a tool

354
00:19:32,877 --> 00:19:34,799
for fighting crime
and terrorism.

355
00:19:35,000 --> 00:19:37,670
In 2021,
an investigation revealed

356
00:19:37,682 --> 00:19:40,440
that around 50,000
people worldwide

357
00:19:40,759 --> 00:19:42,188
potentially had it on their

358
00:19:42,200 --> 00:19:44,119
phones,
and a large number of them

359
00:19:44,240 --> 00:19:46,324
were journalists,
lawyers, dissidents

360
00:19:46,336 --> 00:19:47,880
and human rights defenders.

361
00:19:47,920 --> 00:19:52,319
One, two, three, four
we don't want your cyber war.

362
00:19:52,599 --> 00:19:55,839
It's no accident that this
spyware was developed in Israel.

363
00:19:56,200 --> 00:19:59,079
Much of NSO staff is
drawn from the Army's

364
00:19:59,079 --> 00:20:02,160
Cyber Intelligence Unit 8200.

365
00:20:02,525 --> 00:20:03,805
(brooding music)

366
00:20:04,880 --> 00:20:06,400
This unit is tasked with

367
00:20:06,400 --> 00:20:09,400
gathering intelligence
from electronic communications

368
00:20:09,599 --> 00:20:12,599
and conducting cyber warfare
against Palestinians.

369
00:20:13,079 --> 00:20:16,319
It's known for being highly
innovative and spinning out

370
00:20:16,319 --> 00:20:19,759
successful cyber security
companies like NSO.

371
00:20:20,880 --> 00:20:25,440
To find out how 8200 has helped
Israel become a global leader

372
00:20:25,440 --> 00:20:27,079
in surveillance technology,

373
00:20:27,079 --> 00:20:30,720
I'm meeting Yaakov Peri, a
former director of the Shin Bet

374
00:20:30,720 --> 00:20:33,000
intelligence agency.

375
00:20:33,000 --> 00:20:36,440
This one here was you, dressed
as an Arab in Gaza.

376
00:20:36,440 --> 00:20:38,799
When do you think that was?

377
00:20:38,799 --> 00:20:40,680
- 88.
- 1988.

378
00:20:40,680 --> 00:20:41,857
Can you say what
you were doing?

379
00:20:41,882 --> 00:20:43,240
No.

380
00:20:43,240 --> 00:20:44,440
Okay.

381
00:20:44,440 --> 00:20:47,279
That's 68. Yeah.

382
00:20:47,279 --> 00:20:48,799
- Okay.
- Nablus.

383
00:20:48,974 --> 00:20:51,815
Okay. So the first year
after, six day occupation.

384
00:20:51,839 --> 00:20:53,759
Yeah?
- Yeah.

385
00:20:53,759 --> 00:20:57,357
Here we have all kinds of ways
to smuggle.

386
00:20:57,382 --> 00:20:58,615
What are these, hangers?

387
00:20:58,667 --> 00:20:59,667
- Hangers.

388
00:20:59,759 --> 00:21:01,174
- With explosives?
- Yeah.

389
00:21:01,200 --> 00:21:04,295
How has Israel sold itself,
really for decades now,

390
00:21:04,319 --> 00:21:05,559
as a global leader in

391
00:21:05,560 --> 00:21:08,000
defense and homeland
security equipment?

392
00:21:08,039 --> 00:21:12,146
You cannot defend yourself
only by a human...

393
00:21:12,519 --> 00:21:16,920
sources. You have
to use also a technology

394
00:21:17,400 --> 00:21:21,442
in order to be on the,
beating side,

395
00:21:21,983 --> 00:21:24,365
Israel had to be very,
very, very

396
00:21:24,391 --> 00:21:27,877
creative to find solutions that,

397
00:21:28,799 --> 00:21:31,799
you cannot buy in the,

398
00:21:32,079 --> 00:21:35,079
market or the,

399
00:21:35,279 --> 00:21:36,279
around the world.

400
00:21:36,279 --> 00:21:39,359
One of the
innovators is unit 8200.

401
00:21:39,359 --> 00:21:41,039
It's been around for many years.

402
00:21:41,039 --> 00:21:42,757
Talk a little bit about,
based on

403
00:21:42,769 --> 00:21:44,599
your experience,
what that unit is.

404
00:21:44,640 --> 00:21:47,880
We have developed
a unique technology

405
00:21:48,414 --> 00:21:51,214
how to, where to tape

406
00:21:51,240 --> 00:21:53,880
whom will be taped

407
00:21:53,880 --> 00:21:58,359
and the ability to
reach, to top secret,

408
00:21:58,359 --> 00:22:01,799
say... that usually are hidden.

409
00:22:02,160 --> 00:22:05,279
We say that if a ruler

410
00:22:06,599 --> 00:22:09,599
wants to do something,

411
00:22:10,079 --> 00:22:13,920
it's easy in his mind,
but he cannot do it alone.

412
00:22:14,279 --> 00:22:19,000
He has to share
it with at least one,

413
00:22:19,000 --> 00:22:22,440
two, three or four people
who are close to him.

414
00:22:22,960 --> 00:22:25,559
And we have
developed technologies

415
00:22:25,559 --> 00:22:28,440
that can reach the right people

416
00:22:28,440 --> 00:22:31,119
that we will tape and know.

417
00:22:31,119 --> 00:22:34,119
So 8200 became a

418
00:22:34,173 --> 00:22:37,493
one of the secrets
of the Israeli intelligence.

419
00:22:37,519 --> 00:22:39,096
I'm not asking you
to reveal top

420
00:22:39,108 --> 00:22:41,160
secret intelligence,
but give a sense,

421
00:22:41,160 --> 00:22:42,904
what are the kind of
methods that Israel

422
00:22:42,916 --> 00:22:44,759
was using to try to
get that intelligence?

423
00:22:45,119 --> 00:22:48,929
If you want to follow a certain
terrorist or a set, the cell,

424
00:22:49,519 --> 00:22:51,559
you have to be equipped

425
00:22:51,559 --> 00:22:56,319
with a surveillance technology
that gives you the advantage to

426
00:22:57,920 --> 00:23:01,719
watch him without
him sensing you.

427
00:23:03,400 --> 00:23:06,279
You have to develop ammunition,

428
00:23:06,279 --> 00:23:12,039
which you can use in a remote
control for a long distance.

429
00:23:12,559 --> 00:23:16,200
So sometimes your headquarters
is in Tel Aviv,

430
00:23:16,640 --> 00:23:19,640
and the terrorist
cell is in Gaza Strip.

431
00:23:20,240 --> 00:23:22,839
And you want to,

432
00:23:22,839 --> 00:23:25,680
kill somebody.

433
00:23:25,680 --> 00:23:29,319
You have to be very,
very accurate.

434
00:23:29,880 --> 00:23:32,880
You have to be with a...

435
00:23:33,960 --> 00:23:36,039
The best technology

436
00:23:36,039 --> 00:23:39,039
that you will not be accused,

437
00:23:39,720 --> 00:23:42,720
by killing innocent people.

438
00:23:44,960 --> 00:23:46,160
We are getting hit!

439
00:23:46,200 --> 00:23:48,039
Send the Lanius!

440
00:23:48,039 --> 00:23:49,538
Israel is a leader in remote

441
00:23:49,549 --> 00:23:51,599
controlled bombing
with small drones

442
00:23:51,599 --> 00:23:53,451
like the controversial Lanius.

443
00:23:53,462 --> 00:23:55,436
Elbit Systems presents,
Lanius...

444
00:23:55,461 --> 00:23:58,125
search and attack in one
new, innovative,

445
00:23:58,136 --> 00:24:00,039
autonomous, lethal solution.

446
00:24:00,240 --> 00:24:03,240
They're part of the class
of small, highly maneuverable

447
00:24:03,240 --> 00:24:07,000
quadcopters getting extensive
use for the first time in Gaza.

448
00:24:08,440 --> 00:24:11,680
The high budget promo suggests
it may have been battle

449
00:24:11,680 --> 00:24:14,680
tested in Palestine,
and the drone is exactly

450
00:24:14,680 --> 00:24:16,268
what Peri is
describing.

451
00:24:16,279 --> 00:24:19,392
And lethality in a complex
urban environment.

452
00:24:20,599 --> 00:24:21,599
A remote controlled

453
00:24:21,599 --> 00:24:24,599
explosive that can be
put next to the target.

454
00:24:25,920 --> 00:24:28,096
Israel is now about
the ninth or 10th

455
00:24:28,107 --> 00:24:30,279
biggest arms
seller in the world.

456
00:24:30,480 --> 00:24:32,798
It depends every year.
How does Israel

457
00:24:32,809 --> 00:24:35,200
become, for a relatively
small country,

458
00:24:35,880 --> 00:24:37,920
one of the biggest arms sellers
in the world?

459
00:24:37,920 --> 00:24:40,215
Yeah, it's true that Israel is

460
00:24:40,228 --> 00:24:43,075
one of the biggest
arms sellers.

461
00:24:43,319 --> 00:24:46,720
We have been also selling a,

462
00:24:47,799 --> 00:24:50,359
all the technology

463
00:24:50,359 --> 00:24:53,680
that can help you
to deal with terrorists.

464
00:24:53,680 --> 00:24:57,599
But I mean, the whole world is
dealing with terrorist activity.

465
00:24:57,920 --> 00:25:01,577
So the market is big.

466
00:25:01,880 --> 00:25:04,880
I would say that
80% of the technology

467
00:25:05,400 --> 00:25:08,319
that we have developed in Israel

468
00:25:08,319 --> 00:25:11,319
is not top secret.

469
00:25:11,319 --> 00:25:14,759
It's something that you
can share with other,

470
00:25:16,079 --> 00:25:19,079
organisations, mainly,

471
00:25:19,880 --> 00:25:23,640
security agencies and armies.

472
00:25:24,680 --> 00:25:27,680
For instance,
the most common technology

473
00:25:27,680 --> 00:25:30,737
that we have developed
here is the Iron Dome.

474
00:25:31,799 --> 00:25:32,839
And now we can

475
00:25:32,839 --> 00:25:35,839
sell Iron Dome
to the whole world.

476
00:25:36,960 --> 00:25:39,400
With a wave of its
innovative wand,

477
00:25:39,400 --> 00:25:42,116
Rafael has developed a
first-of-its-kind

478
00:25:42,142 --> 00:25:45,417
counter rocket artillery mortar
CRAM system,

479
00:25:45,442 --> 00:25:46,640
with pinpoint accuracy

480
00:25:46,640 --> 00:25:50,365
interceptors against
asymmetric threats: Iron Dome.

481
00:25:50,440 --> 00:25:51,440
(missile)

482
00:25:52,440 --> 00:25:54,680
The Iron Dome is
often used to refer

483
00:25:54,680 --> 00:25:58,039
to all of Israel's anti-missile
interception systems.

484
00:25:58,640 --> 00:26:01,440
Together, they make
Israel a world leader

485
00:26:01,480 --> 00:26:03,119
in anti-missile protection

486
00:26:03,319 --> 00:26:06,359
and are a showcase for
Israel's weapons companies,

487
00:26:06,586 --> 00:26:08,325
who are keen to
promote how

488
00:26:08,349 --> 00:26:10,405
cutting edge and
innovative they are.

489
00:26:11,160 --> 00:26:12,776
Arrow three.

490
00:26:15,400 --> 00:26:18,990
The Arrow system counters high
altitude ballistic missiles

491
00:26:19,200 --> 00:26:22,200
and is made by
Israel Aerospace Industries.

492
00:26:23,960 --> 00:26:26,654
IAI also makes the Kfir jet,

493
00:26:26,680 --> 00:26:30,119
heron drones and its own
Jericho ballistic missiles.

494
00:26:30,160 --> 00:26:32,423
They claim to offer
comprehensive

495
00:26:32,435 --> 00:26:34,079
solutions in all domains.

496
00:26:34,559 --> 00:26:36,839
Since Russia's
invasion of Ukraine,

497
00:26:36,839 --> 00:26:39,839
IAI are marketing the
interception systems

498
00:26:39,880 --> 00:26:41,932
to European countries.

499
00:26:45,359 --> 00:26:49,039
To find out more about Israel's
military industrial complex,

500
00:26:49,039 --> 00:26:50,615
I'm going to meet security and

501
00:26:50,640 --> 00:26:52,826
intelligence expert
Yossi Melman.

502
00:26:53,400 --> 00:26:55,960
Israel from the outset decided

503
00:26:55,960 --> 00:26:58,880
we have to build our own,

504
00:26:58,880 --> 00:27:02,160
strong military
industrial complex.

505
00:27:02,160 --> 00:27:05,839
That realization has always been
in the mind of Israel.

506
00:27:05,839 --> 00:27:09,480
We have to be,
on top of our enemies.

507
00:27:09,640 --> 00:27:12,934
From the scientific,
technological point of view.

508
00:27:12,960 --> 00:27:15,480
Israel's been developing a range

509
00:27:15,480 --> 00:27:17,810
of new technologies and weapons,

510
00:27:17,823 --> 00:27:20,279
certain kind of robotics,
certain kinds of drones.

511
00:27:20,279 --> 00:27:21,519
Quadcopters.

512
00:27:21,519 --> 00:27:24,160
Explain a bit about what
you understand is being used.

513
00:27:24,160 --> 00:27:27,132
There has been
a major shift in the

514
00:27:27,144 --> 00:27:29,880
focus of the Israeli industries.

515
00:27:30,599 --> 00:27:34,960
If 30, 40 years ago, Israeli
industries were still selling

516
00:27:35,160 --> 00:27:38,160
rifles, pistols, ammunition.

517
00:27:38,279 --> 00:27:41,400
Nowadays they have moved to more

518
00:27:41,400 --> 00:27:44,519
advanced
technological equipment.

519
00:27:44,559 --> 00:27:49,559
The logic is very positive
to try to minimize Israel's

520
00:27:49,559 --> 00:27:54,000
own casualties, it's safer
to first move into the tunnels

521
00:27:54,240 --> 00:27:57,960
with the robot rather than
sending your foot soldiers.

522
00:27:58,680 --> 00:28:02,160
A formation of autonomous aerial
and ground systems can provide

523
00:28:02,160 --> 00:28:04,796
unprecedented ISR
capabilities to

524
00:28:04,820 --> 00:28:07,613
units on the tactical
edge...

525
00:28:07,680 --> 00:28:10,171
Legion X is the
integrated combat system

526
00:28:10,182 --> 00:28:12,319
for controlling
autonomous robotic

527
00:28:12,319 --> 00:28:14,988
vehicles and drones,
all made by Elbit,

528
00:28:15,000 --> 00:28:17,880
Israel's largest private
weapons producer.

529
00:28:18,200 --> 00:28:21,319
Search and destroy
Legion X is maximized.

530
00:28:21,319 --> 00:28:24,599
Now worth nearly
$10 billion, Elbit promotes

531
00:28:24,599 --> 00:28:28,079
itself as leading the world
in automation and robotics.

532
00:28:28,333 --> 00:28:30,012
(low volume tense music)

533
00:28:30,559 --> 00:28:32,640
And this technical
mastery is key

534
00:28:32,652 --> 00:28:34,680
to how Israel has governed Gaza.

535
00:28:35,039 --> 00:28:38,319
Israel directly occupied
Gaza from 1967

536
00:28:38,319 --> 00:28:42,480
to 2005, when the Israeli army
and settlers withdrew.

537
00:28:42,720 --> 00:28:44,842
But Israel retained
de facto control

538
00:28:44,854 --> 00:28:47,160
over the fundamentals
of the territory.

539
00:28:47,400 --> 00:28:49,906
Power, water,
who could enter and leave,

540
00:28:49,919 --> 00:28:52,559
how far fishermen
could go from the shore,

541
00:28:52,920 --> 00:28:56,240
and even how many calories
people have to eat every day.

542
00:28:56,994 --> 00:28:58,035
(tense music)

543
00:29:03,240 --> 00:29:04,809
The depth of this control was

544
00:29:04,821 --> 00:29:06,839
constantly updated
with technology.

545
00:29:07,079 --> 00:29:11,599
In 2021, Defense Minister Benny
Gantz launched a smart fence

546
00:29:11,960 --> 00:29:13,679
stuffed with the latest tech,

547
00:29:13,734 --> 00:29:16,003
including tunnel
detection equipment.

548
00:29:23,119 --> 00:29:26,200
In 2021, Israel

549
00:29:26,200 --> 00:29:29,680
unveiled a huge amount of
new technology around Gaza.

550
00:29:30,000 --> 00:29:31,920
They spent billions of dollars.

551
00:29:31,920 --> 00:29:33,720
They claim that it was
going to keep Israel

552
00:29:33,720 --> 00:29:34,923
safe, was going to keep

553
00:29:34,935 --> 00:29:36,839
Palestinians,
essentially in Gaza.

554
00:29:37,680 --> 00:29:41,160
What exactly was being
put in place around that time?

555
00:29:41,160 --> 00:29:42,392
Well...

556
00:29:43,039 --> 00:29:45,249
all sorts of equipment.

557
00:29:47,160 --> 00:29:50,519
Israel surrounded Gaza
with all these technologies:

558
00:29:50,680 --> 00:29:54,480
facial recognition,
hacking telephones,

559
00:29:54,680 --> 00:29:57,654
visual intelligence from drones,

560
00:29:57,680 --> 00:30:01,160
reconnaissance flights,
reconnaissance balloons.

561
00:30:02,200 --> 00:30:04,519
Israel had the phone numbers

562
00:30:04,720 --> 00:30:08,255
of many Hamas members,
and not only

563
00:30:08,279 --> 00:30:10,079
Hamas members,
also innocent people.

564
00:30:10,079 --> 00:30:13,146
That information
came from bugging and

565
00:30:13,159 --> 00:30:16,079
listening and
observatory equipment.

566
00:30:16,079 --> 00:30:20,882
So, so Gaza was surrounded
by their equipment and Israel,

567
00:30:21,240 --> 00:30:24,960
believed that they can
control the population

568
00:30:24,960 --> 00:30:27,269
and they control,
above all, Hamas.

569
00:30:27,640 --> 00:30:29,638
The domestic security service,

570
00:30:29,880 --> 00:30:31,602
Shin Bet and the military

571
00:30:31,640 --> 00:30:34,346
intelligence...
they almost adored...

572
00:30:34,880 --> 00:30:37,880
worshipped technology.

573
00:30:38,319 --> 00:30:41,319
But on October the 7th, 2023,

574
00:30:41,480 --> 00:30:44,153
as part of a highly
coordinated offensive,

575
00:30:44,164 --> 00:30:46,599
Hamas drones attacked
the watchtowers,

576
00:30:46,920 --> 00:30:49,920
disabling the CCTV
and automated guns.

577
00:30:51,160 --> 00:30:53,039
With few soldiers
on the border,

578
00:30:53,039 --> 00:30:55,297
the army claims
they were effectively

579
00:30:55,319 --> 00:30:56,788
blind to what unfolded.

580
00:30:59,359 --> 00:31:02,359
Hamas fighters quickly overran
multiple bases,

581
00:31:02,510 --> 00:31:05,220
which were sparsely manned
and not prepared.

582
00:31:05,269 --> 00:31:06,997
(gunfire)

583
00:31:07,551 --> 00:31:08,551
(explosion)

584
00:31:09,000 --> 00:31:11,200
It is said that thousands
of Hamas fighters

585
00:31:11,200 --> 00:31:15,465
and other Palestinians broke out
of Gaza by land, sea and air.

586
00:31:15,920 --> 00:31:19,359
It was the most deadly
single day in Israel's history.

587
00:31:19,416 --> 00:31:20,416
(gunfire)

588
00:31:20,759 --> 00:31:23,880
Israel claims
that 1200 people were killed,

589
00:31:24,240 --> 00:31:27,680
nearly 800 of them civilians
and most of them Israeli,

590
00:31:28,079 --> 00:31:31,839
and that another 250 were
taken back to Gaza as hostages.

591
00:31:32,759 --> 00:31:35,759
According to Hamas
and international organizations,

592
00:31:36,000 --> 00:31:37,886
these numbers
have been inflated.

593
00:31:42,599 --> 00:31:45,000
Hamas' attack begs the question

594
00:31:45,000 --> 00:31:47,720
of how this multi-billion dollar
smart fence,

595
00:31:47,720 --> 00:31:51,480
armed with radar, CCTV
and surveillance drones

596
00:31:51,720 --> 00:31:54,480
could miss an assault
that took years to plan

597
00:31:54,480 --> 00:31:55,865
and rehearse.

598
00:32:00,834 --> 00:32:02,694
So I'm on my way to see
Israel Ziv,

599
00:32:02,720 --> 00:32:05,039
who's a former Israeli general,

600
00:32:05,039 --> 00:32:07,306
and he used to actually head the

601
00:32:07,317 --> 00:32:09,880
Gaza command
for the Israeli army.

602
00:32:09,904 --> 00:32:13,307
And on October 7th, he grabbed
a gun

603
00:32:13,332 --> 00:32:15,025
from his home near Tel Aviv

604
00:32:15,599 --> 00:32:20,079
and went down to near
the Gaza border to try to,

605
00:32:20,759 --> 00:32:24,839
as he says, kill Hamas
terrorists and rescue hostages.

606
00:32:25,160 --> 00:32:26,200
So let's go see him.

607
00:32:27,200 --> 00:32:29,640
Explain what happened
to you on October 7th.

608
00:32:29,640 --> 00:32:32,640
I've learned that I'm still
good, even with the pistol.

609
00:32:32,968 --> 00:32:38,699
I had a chance to rescue
quite a few people, you know.

610
00:32:39,000 --> 00:32:40,047
Some of them were hiding

611
00:32:40,079 --> 00:32:42,288
in the area that
Hamas control.

612
00:32:42,319 --> 00:32:43,440
What do you think,

613
00:32:43,440 --> 00:32:47,039
as far as we know,
went horribly wrong?

614
00:32:47,079 --> 00:32:48,880
Everything.

615
00:32:48,880 --> 00:32:50,920
It's a system collapse.

616
00:32:50,920 --> 00:32:53,920
I think Israel took one step

617
00:32:53,920 --> 00:32:58,640
too far, relying too much
on technology, which, in an area

618
00:32:58,680 --> 00:33:04,000
like Gaza, was very convenient
to put all those visual toys,

619
00:33:04,000 --> 00:33:08,027
you know. And it gave the
feeling that we are protected.

620
00:33:08,279 --> 00:33:11,279
But maybe it wasn't
the technology that failed.

621
00:33:11,720 --> 00:33:15,000
We know that IDF soldiers
monitoring Gaza reported

622
00:33:15,000 --> 00:33:16,705
increased Hamas activity in the

623
00:33:16,718 --> 00:33:18,880
months leading up
to October the 7th.

624
00:33:19,079 --> 00:33:23,003
We saw the maneuvers,
we saw the preparations.

625
00:33:23,519 --> 00:33:26,519
We have listened to the plans.

626
00:33:26,960 --> 00:33:30,559
We have photoed
the terrorists coming.

627
00:33:30,680 --> 00:33:33,559
I know, but for sure that

628
00:33:33,559 --> 00:33:36,480
in the Israeli secret service

629
00:33:36,480 --> 00:33:39,799
and the Israeli intelligence
Army Intelligence Service,

630
00:33:40,222 --> 00:33:44,373
the information was there.
- Before October 7th?

631
00:33:44,445 --> 00:33:45,695
- Before October.
- Yes.

632
00:33:45,759 --> 00:33:49,799
But nobody thought that
it's really going to happen.

633
00:33:52,934 --> 00:33:55,694
Everybody thought that, you
know, Hamas would not dare.

634
00:33:55,720 --> 00:33:59,039
Maybe they do a terror act,
but not such an operation.

635
00:33:59,160 --> 00:34:02,799
The biggest failure starts from
the higher level of command,

636
00:34:02,799 --> 00:34:06,599
which actually refuses to...
to believe

637
00:34:06,599 --> 00:34:08,871
or to see it coming.

638
00:34:09,760 --> 00:34:11,735
Despite the supposed failure of

639
00:34:11,760 --> 00:34:14,822
the technology to stop
the October the 7th attack,

640
00:34:15,039 --> 00:34:17,519
2024 is predicted
to be the best year

641
00:34:17,519 --> 00:34:20,130
yet for Israel's arms industry.

642
00:34:20,239 --> 00:34:21,280
(tense music)

643
00:34:21,320 --> 00:34:23,208
And while the Israeli
army may have

644
00:34:23,221 --> 00:34:25,280
been slow to react,
on October the 7th

645
00:34:25,480 --> 00:34:27,271
they quickly announced their

646
00:34:27,282 --> 00:34:29,916
intention to unleash
hell on Gaza.

647
00:34:46,871 --> 00:34:48,246
(explosions)

648
00:34:48,719 --> 00:34:51,614
What Israel calls the
Swords of Iron war,

649
00:34:51,639 --> 00:34:53,614
has resulted
in unprecedented

650
00:34:53,639 --> 00:34:55,708
levels of death and destruction.

651
00:34:57,840 --> 00:34:59,079
I've come to one of the few

652
00:34:59,079 --> 00:35:02,239
places in Israel where you
can see that with your own eyes.

653
00:35:03,119 --> 00:35:06,079
I'm in the Israeli town
of Sterod

654
00:35:06,079 --> 00:35:08,289
and behind me is Gaza.

655
00:35:10,639 --> 00:35:13,039
We're pretty much as
close as we can get.

656
00:35:14,320 --> 00:35:16,257
All these religious
Jewish people

657
00:35:16,268 --> 00:35:18,000
who are behind me gathered

658
00:35:18,000 --> 00:35:21,360
as the sun is going down. Many
of them actually want to settle

659
00:35:21,360 --> 00:35:24,360
Gaza, occupy Gaza, build
settlements in Gaza,

660
00:35:24,679 --> 00:35:27,679
and they're treating it almost
like a family get together.

661
00:35:27,679 --> 00:35:29,237
There are kids,
they're having fun

662
00:35:29,262 --> 00:35:30,679
they're smiling
and taking photos.

663
00:35:31,119 --> 00:35:34,119
It's pretty surreal.

664
00:35:34,599 --> 00:35:37,679
Seeing Gaza here and knowing

665
00:35:38,039 --> 00:35:40,039
what's happened
since October 7th,

666
00:35:40,079 --> 00:35:42,480
the mass destruction,
the mass killing,

667
00:35:43,639 --> 00:35:46,639
it's... yeah,
pretty overwhelming.

668
00:35:46,860 --> 00:35:48,380
(atmospheric music)

669
00:35:54,320 --> 00:35:57,679
The war has killed more
than 40,000 Palestinians

670
00:35:57,960 --> 00:36:01,920
and seen more than 80% of Gaza's
buildings rendered unusable.

671
00:36:02,440 --> 00:36:05,000
It might look like random
destruction.

672
00:36:05,039 --> 00:36:06,199
But Israel would claim

673
00:36:06,199 --> 00:36:08,360
these are all valid targets,

674
00:36:08,360 --> 00:36:10,411
and they're all generated by the

675
00:36:10,422 --> 00:36:12,679
latest innovation
from unit 8200,

676
00:36:13,039 --> 00:36:16,159
a new system powered
by artificial intelligence.

677
00:36:18,960 --> 00:36:20,000
(tense music)

678
00:36:21,199 --> 00:36:24,000
I've come to Tel Aviv to
meet the investigative team

679
00:36:24,000 --> 00:36:27,400
who first revealed
how AI is being used in Gaza.

680
00:36:28,079 --> 00:36:30,880
Some in the military felt
that the systems that existed

681
00:36:30,880 --> 00:36:33,000
were not giving
them, in previous wars,

682
00:36:33,000 --> 00:36:34,152
enough targets.

683
00:36:34,177 --> 00:36:36,840
Talk a little bit about what
that meant practically.

684
00:36:37,000 --> 00:36:41,360
In previous wars,
what is called in Israel,

685
00:36:41,400 --> 00:36:47,400
the target bank, was very
swiftly, was empty.

686
00:36:47,661 --> 00:36:50,661
Previously they would produce

687
00:36:51,280 --> 00:36:53,639
200, 300 targets a year,

688
00:36:53,639 --> 00:36:56,639
and now they can
produce it in an hour.

689
00:36:56,760 --> 00:36:59,001
The AI targeting
systems are only

690
00:36:59,012 --> 00:37:01,300
possible because, as we've seen,

691
00:37:01,519 --> 00:37:05,159
Israel collects data on every
aspect of Palestinian life.

692
00:37:05,760 --> 00:37:09,000
The system, called the gospel,
also takes in historical

693
00:37:09,000 --> 00:37:12,840
and geographic data to generate
infrastructure locations

694
00:37:12,840 --> 00:37:15,840
that the AI thinks are
probably linked to Hamas.

695
00:37:16,280 --> 00:37:19,840
These include tactical targets
like military bases and tunnels.

696
00:37:20,360 --> 00:37:21,840
But there's another category

697
00:37:21,853 --> 00:37:23,719
called power
targets that include

698
00:37:23,719 --> 00:37:26,199
residential towers
and civic buildings

699
00:37:26,211 --> 00:37:28,320
like schools and medical centers

700
00:37:29,840 --> 00:37:31,710
and Al Shifa hospital.

701
00:37:34,159 --> 00:37:36,920
They are being hit,
you know, there to create

702
00:37:36,920 --> 00:37:39,208
a psychological
effect on the Gazans,

703
00:37:39,221 --> 00:37:41,280
pushing them to
go against Hamas.

704
00:37:41,280 --> 00:37:43,643
Of course, this didn't happen.

705
00:37:44,400 --> 00:37:46,599
The Israeli army says
Al Shifa, housed the

706
00:37:46,617 --> 00:37:48,599
Hamas command
and control center.

707
00:37:49,360 --> 00:37:51,800
The bombing of it
resulted in over 1000

708
00:37:51,800 --> 00:37:54,800
people being killed, injured
or disappeared.

709
00:37:55,039 --> 00:37:57,880
25,000 people in
the surrounding area

710
00:37:57,880 --> 00:37:59,826
were also displaced.

711
00:38:09,599 --> 00:38:11,679
Israel never provided evidence

712
00:38:11,679 --> 00:38:14,679
that it had found the command
and control center.

713
00:38:15,440 --> 00:38:18,199
To identify individual
Hamas members,

714
00:38:18,248 --> 00:38:21,248
Unit 8200 created Lavender.

715
00:38:21,280 --> 00:38:23,039
This analyzes the key behavior

716
00:38:23,052 --> 00:38:25,119
traits of active
Hamas operatives,

717
00:38:25,280 --> 00:38:29,280
where they go, who they talk to,
who is in their phone contacts,

718
00:38:29,639 --> 00:38:31,626
and then looks
for anyone in Gaza

719
00:38:31,637 --> 00:38:33,717
with similar characteristics.

720
00:38:34,815 --> 00:38:37,014
What are they talking about?

721
00:38:37,039 --> 00:38:39,472
What kind of words
they're using?

722
00:38:40,800 --> 00:38:44,119
All these kinds of things,
you create a list

723
00:38:44,119 --> 00:38:48,639
of possible members of Hamas
from the very low level,

724
00:38:49,079 --> 00:38:50,880
or even people that are not

725
00:38:50,891 --> 00:38:53,239
really part of
the military wing.

726
00:38:53,400 --> 00:38:56,400
This is basically a death list.

727
00:38:59,199 --> 00:39:00,400
Once you are there,

728
00:39:00,400 --> 00:39:02,442
you are a legitimate target.

729
00:39:02,708 --> 00:39:03,708
(explosion)

730
00:39:04,920 --> 00:39:06,760
The Al Rimel neighborhood,
known

731
00:39:06,760 --> 00:39:10,559
as the backbone of Gaza,
was hit in December 2023.

732
00:39:11,400 --> 00:39:12,840
The Israeli army said it was

733
00:39:12,840 --> 00:39:14,599
because there were
Hamas operatives

734
00:39:14,612 --> 00:39:16,039
concealing themselves there.

735
00:39:16,599 --> 00:39:19,599
The entire area was devastated.

736
00:39:21,199 --> 00:39:23,519
What the AI
generates is not facts,

737
00:39:23,519 --> 00:39:26,960
but targets with a statistically
probable link to Hamas.

738
00:39:27,800 --> 00:39:31,373
Despite this, the systems
have led to another change,

739
00:39:31,559 --> 00:39:35,092
a rise in the acceptable level
of civilian deaths.

740
00:39:35,280 --> 00:39:36,637
(atmospheric music)

741
00:39:38,000 --> 00:39:40,639
Prior to this war,
a very senior,

742
00:39:41,655 --> 00:39:44,215
Hamas commander,

743
00:39:44,239 --> 00:39:48,119
there was collateral damage of,
let's say, five

744
00:39:48,239 --> 00:39:50,398
maximum ten persons.

745
00:39:50,492 --> 00:39:51,492
In this war

746
00:39:52,480 --> 00:39:56,280
it was decided
that for very junior

747
00:39:56,760 --> 00:40:00,280
Hamas militants,
the collateral damage decided

748
00:40:00,280 --> 00:40:03,293
was between 15 and 20.

749
00:40:04,880 --> 00:40:06,800
His family,
and his neighbors

750
00:40:06,824 --> 00:40:09,849
could be killed
in order to kill him.

751
00:40:12,119 --> 00:40:16,259
And if it's a senior
Hamas militant,

752
00:40:17,000 --> 00:40:21,039
then the numbers over 100,
sometimes 300,

753
00:40:22,079 --> 00:40:25,079
and we know it happened.

754
00:40:29,960 --> 00:40:31,815
I wanted to know what
someone close

755
00:40:31,840 --> 00:40:35,440
to the Israeli military thought
about this use of AI.

756
00:40:36,559 --> 00:40:39,599
It's really kind of a big step,
you know, for war

757
00:40:39,599 --> 00:40:43,159
in terms of intelligence
and also decision making,

758
00:40:43,840 --> 00:40:46,360
because it's doing
the right selection

759
00:40:46,360 --> 00:40:51,239
and put in front of the decision
maker much better and clearer

760
00:40:51,278 --> 00:40:53,228
picture in order to
take a decision.

761
00:40:53,253 --> 00:40:54,280
We did of course

762
00:40:54,280 --> 00:40:57,400
ask former General Zeev
about claims Israel and its

763
00:40:57,400 --> 00:41:01,099
AI systems were perpetrating
a genocide in Gaza.

764
00:41:01,373 --> 00:41:02,494
His response?

765
00:41:02,519 --> 00:41:04,414
The standard line
that the Israeli

766
00:41:04,445 --> 00:41:06,460
army is the most
moral in the world.

767
00:41:06,719 --> 00:41:12,599
So I became a big factor
in this whole component

768
00:41:12,599 --> 00:41:16,559
of Intel decision
making, command and control,

769
00:41:18,135 --> 00:41:19,695
of the modern fight.

770
00:41:19,719 --> 00:41:22,360
Storing surveillance
on an entire population

771
00:41:22,400 --> 00:41:24,813
generates a vast amount of data.

772
00:41:24,836 --> 00:41:26,280
Enter Google and Amazon,

773
00:41:26,519 --> 00:41:28,036
who have been building cloud

774
00:41:28,048 --> 00:41:29,960
services and
data farms in Israel

775
00:41:30,119 --> 00:41:33,840
since 2021 under a deal
called Project Nimbus.

776
00:41:34,440 --> 00:41:36,697
After the war began,
the army's computing

777
00:41:36,708 --> 00:41:38,599
division said they
were collecting

778
00:41:38,599 --> 00:41:40,773
so much data they
had to move some

779
00:41:40,784 --> 00:41:42,719
of it onto the civilian cloud.

780
00:41:43,840 --> 00:41:48,400
8200 is using a
cloud service by Amazon

781
00:41:48,880 --> 00:41:51,414
to store huge amount of

782
00:41:51,440 --> 00:41:53,320
information about
people in Gaza,

783
00:41:53,760 --> 00:41:57,840
and that this cloud was used,
at least to help

784
00:41:58,960 --> 00:42:01,599
some of the attacks.

785
00:42:01,599 --> 00:42:03,445
I've been looking
at how Israel's

786
00:42:03,456 --> 00:42:05,039
army and tech sector benefit

787
00:42:05,039 --> 00:42:07,079
from conflict in Palestine,

788
00:42:07,079 --> 00:42:08,898
but could it also
be true of other

789
00:42:08,911 --> 00:42:10,480
countries and multinationals?

790
00:42:11,079 --> 00:42:13,920
To find out more,
I met with Paul Biggar,

791
00:42:13,920 --> 00:42:16,920
the founder of a
billion dollar tech company.

792
00:42:17,039 --> 00:42:19,199
Google's motto used
to be don't be evil.

793
00:42:19,199 --> 00:42:22,320
And it seems like a lot of these
big tech companies Amazon,

794
00:42:22,320 --> 00:42:25,679
Google and others have no issue
with working with Israel.

795
00:42:25,679 --> 00:42:28,360
In fact, they're often
expanding their contracts.

796
00:42:28,360 --> 00:42:30,920
Do they not care
about the reputational damage?

797
00:42:30,920 --> 00:42:33,211
Fundamentally, they're
about making money.

798
00:42:33,760 --> 00:42:35,936
Getting that cloud revenue.

799
00:42:36,239 --> 00:42:37,750
You know, may have started as a

800
00:42:37,762 --> 00:42:39,480
$600 million contract,
but it is,

801
00:42:40,039 --> 00:42:41,960
expanding massively
over the years.

802
00:42:41,960 --> 00:42:45,119
So we are talking,
at the stage where,

803
00:42:46,172 --> 00:42:48,159
where they may
be getting billions

804
00:42:48,159 --> 00:42:49,568
and possibly tens of billions of

805
00:42:49,579 --> 00:42:51,400
dollars from Israel
via Project Nimbus.

806
00:42:51,440 --> 00:42:55,920
They're also setting themselves
up as the de facto people

807
00:42:55,920 --> 00:43:00,280
to talk to when your government
needs to, needs to scale.

808
00:43:00,280 --> 00:43:02,327
And so there's a lot
more governments

809
00:43:02,338 --> 00:43:04,559
that are a lot larger than,
than Israel.

810
00:43:04,719 --> 00:43:07,239
And Google wants to be first
in line for those contracts.

811
00:43:07,239 --> 00:43:09,663
And more importantly,
they've realized

812
00:43:09,675 --> 00:43:12,360
there aren't any
reputational consequences

813
00:43:12,360 --> 00:43:13,550
for what it does.

814
00:43:16,800 --> 00:43:19,239
So it's not just Israel that
uses the Palestinians

815
00:43:19,264 --> 00:43:20,974
to test their products on.

816
00:43:21,000 --> 00:43:22,947
It's actually the whole world.

817
00:43:23,128 --> 00:43:24,376
(atmospheric music)

818
00:43:24,400 --> 00:43:27,159
And there's no greater
arena for testing weapons

819
00:43:27,199 --> 00:43:28,940
than a live war.

820
00:43:29,612 --> 00:43:30,612
(explosion)

821
00:43:33,798 --> 00:43:36,106
The Iron Sting
is a guided mortar

822
00:43:36,132 --> 00:43:38,039
marketed as a
precision weapon.

823
00:43:38,039 --> 00:43:39,427
The Iron Sting is so precise

824
00:43:39,452 --> 00:43:40,679
that it can even
hit a specific room

825
00:43:40,679 --> 00:43:43,679
without causing damage to other
rooms in the same building.

826
00:43:44,599 --> 00:43:47,599
This is its first use in battle.

827
00:43:48,094 --> 00:43:49,094
(explosion)

828
00:43:50,159 --> 00:43:51,867
And looks like it
might have damaged

829
00:43:51,891 --> 00:43:53,318
more than one room.

830
00:43:55,320 --> 00:43:58,119
At least two Israeli
companies have made drones

831
00:43:58,119 --> 00:44:01,119
stable enough to handle gunfire.

832
00:44:02,800 --> 00:44:04,840
This is Elbit's bird of prey,

833
00:44:04,840 --> 00:44:08,039
seen here accompanying an
armored bulldozer into battle.

834
00:44:08,233 --> 00:44:09,514
(strident music)

835
00:44:11,679 --> 00:44:12,960
Eyewitnesses in Gaza

836
00:44:12,960 --> 00:44:16,639
say these drones with guns are
proving terrifying and deadly.

837
00:44:27,204 --> 00:44:29,804
Arms experts have told
us the last moments

838
00:44:29,829 --> 00:44:32,320
of the life of Hamas
leader Yahya Sinwar

839
00:44:32,639 --> 00:44:35,639
were likely filmed on
one of these drones.

840
00:44:37,239 --> 00:44:40,239
His final act to
throw a stick at it.

841
00:44:40,724 --> 00:44:41,764
(tense music)

842
00:44:48,722 --> 00:44:50,159
Talk about some of those things

843
00:44:50,159 --> 00:44:52,516
in Gaza that Israel
has been doing

844
00:44:52,528 --> 00:44:54,559
militarily since October 7th,

845
00:44:54,960 --> 00:44:58,280
and why you think that might
be appealing to other nations?

846
00:44:58,679 --> 00:45:00,199
Everybody knows that

847
00:45:00,199 --> 00:45:03,440
you know, Israel is very
advanced in the technology,

848
00:45:04,159 --> 00:45:08,159
but definitely after such a,
such a war in Gaza,

849
00:45:08,159 --> 00:45:10,286
when people
see the demonstration

850
00:45:10,298 --> 00:45:12,182
in real life and it's working,

851
00:45:12,960 --> 00:45:17,159
it creates, you know, the needs
and understanding how crucial

852
00:45:17,159 --> 00:45:19,447
those things are
and how critical for

853
00:45:19,460 --> 00:45:22,123
others to,
to hold it and to have it.

854
00:45:22,800 --> 00:45:25,559
Now, Israel has
physical access to Gaza,

855
00:45:25,559 --> 00:45:28,559
they're rolling out many of
the surveillance techniques used

856
00:45:28,559 --> 00:45:29,880
in the West Bank.

857
00:45:29,880 --> 00:45:32,679
Unit 8200 is giving soldiers

858
00:45:32,679 --> 00:45:35,800
and drones, AI enabled
surveillance technology

859
00:45:36,079 --> 00:45:39,360
to search for anyone linked to
Hamas or other rebel groups.

860
00:45:39,719 --> 00:45:43,920
The system relies on technology
from Corsight, an Israeli video

861
00:45:43,920 --> 00:45:47,280
analysis company, and
the Israeli army is also using

862
00:45:47,280 --> 00:45:49,503
Google Photos,
which can identify people

863
00:45:49,516 --> 00:45:51,480
from just a fraction
of their face.

864
00:45:52,840 --> 00:45:55,007
We are basically
speaking about a

865
00:45:55,019 --> 00:45:57,199
system where the
government where

866
00:45:57,199 --> 00:45:59,757
the private sector
producing and exporting

867
00:45:59,768 --> 00:46:01,800
the facial
recognition technique,

868
00:46:01,827 --> 00:46:03,884
they test those
technologies in Palestine

869
00:46:03,909 --> 00:46:05,880
and the occupied
Palestinian territory.

870
00:46:06,599 --> 00:46:09,960
So occupying
people is profitable

871
00:46:10,039 --> 00:46:13,920
because it's not only you
take the resources of the land.

872
00:46:13,920 --> 00:46:18,519
Now we are speaking about
digital occupation, where also

873
00:46:18,559 --> 00:46:23,159
your data is a new resource
to develop new technologies

874
00:46:23,159 --> 00:46:25,836
and to start selling
that worldwide to

875
00:46:25,849 --> 00:46:28,652
profit from oppressing
other people.

876
00:46:28,920 --> 00:46:31,172
But perhaps the most
advanced and game

877
00:46:31,184 --> 00:46:33,679
changing weapon being
used in the Gaza war

878
00:46:33,920 --> 00:46:37,400
is the targeting of human beings
by artificial intelligence.

879
00:46:37,599 --> 00:46:39,356
So do you think that tools like

880
00:46:39,369 --> 00:46:41,480
Lavender, the Gospel,
there's a decent

881
00:46:41,480 --> 00:46:44,639
chance of Israel
could potentially be selling

882
00:46:44,639 --> 00:46:47,639
those tools to other militaries?

883
00:46:47,639 --> 00:46:50,775
I think it's a very
fair possibility

884
00:46:50,788 --> 00:46:53,000
that Israel will sell it.

885
00:46:53,000 --> 00:46:55,639
And this is, I think,
one of the reasons

886
00:46:55,652 --> 00:46:58,239
they allowed our
story to be published.

887
00:46:58,440 --> 00:47:00,880
Just explain a bit
what you mean by that.

888
00:47:00,880 --> 00:47:05,159
You have to file any report
that relates to the military,

889
00:47:05,159 --> 00:47:09,599
to the military censorship,
and they can allow, disallow.

890
00:47:09,800 --> 00:47:11,757
I suspect there were people in

891
00:47:11,769 --> 00:47:14,199
Israel who wanted
the world to know

892
00:47:14,760 --> 00:47:17,880
that they have very,
very sophisticated

893
00:47:18,360 --> 00:47:23,722
AI surveillance methods
that can collect and kill.

894
00:47:24,760 --> 00:47:27,079
Being here again,
I've seen how physical

895
00:47:27,097 --> 00:47:29,519
barriers and high
technology divide

896
00:47:29,519 --> 00:47:31,309
this land in a way many human

897
00:47:31,320 --> 00:47:33,679
rights organizations
call apartheid.

898
00:47:34,440 --> 00:47:36,373
I've seen how this
has allowed Israel

899
00:47:36,385 --> 00:47:38,280
to create world
leading surveillance

900
00:47:38,280 --> 00:47:41,527
and arms industries who
export their products globally.

901
00:47:41,797 --> 00:47:43,318
(atmospheric music)

902
00:47:43,719 --> 00:47:48,239
We are in Tucson, Arizona,
and it is searingly hot.

903
00:47:48,679 --> 00:47:51,239
I can smell the freedom here.

904
00:47:51,239 --> 00:47:54,519
But that much vaunted freedom
needs regular enforcement,

905
00:47:54,545 --> 00:47:57,545
especially as we're right
on the border with Mexico.

906
00:47:57,679 --> 00:48:00,695
Since 2021, more than 6 million

907
00:48:00,719 --> 00:48:02,679
refugees and migrants
have been detained

908
00:48:02,679 --> 00:48:04,849
crossing into the USA
overland,

909
00:48:04,860 --> 00:48:06,800
driven by collapsing economies,

910
00:48:06,960 --> 00:48:09,057
violence and climate change.

911
00:48:10,119 --> 00:48:13,840
One thing that's really clear is
that what Israel has been doing

912
00:48:13,840 --> 00:48:17,760
for decades in Palestine
is very attractive to people

913
00:48:17,760 --> 00:48:20,159
who are trying
to secure the US-Mexico border.

914
00:48:20,159 --> 00:48:22,534
So the technology
and the companies

915
00:48:22,545 --> 00:48:24,599
who are operating in Palestine

916
00:48:25,400 --> 00:48:27,047
are often appearing
in other countries

917
00:48:27,059 --> 00:48:28,719
around the world,
including right here

918
00:48:29,039 --> 00:48:30,480
on the US-Mexico border.

919
00:48:30,657 --> 00:48:32,336
(moody guitar playing)

920
00:48:32,679 --> 00:48:33,559
But first,

921
00:48:33,559 --> 00:48:36,559
to understand what it means
to cross the border here,

922
00:48:36,760 --> 00:48:39,760
I'm heading into the desert
to meet Joel Smith.

923
00:48:40,360 --> 00:48:43,480
He describes the challenges
facing the migrants.

924
00:48:44,639 --> 00:48:46,960
The object is to get the kids

925
00:48:46,960 --> 00:48:48,929
to the Tucson
area and get out of here,

926
00:48:48,960 --> 00:48:50,565
get out of the desert itself.

927
00:48:50,639 --> 00:48:53,760
So what they
have a choice of now

928
00:48:54,039 --> 00:48:57,039
is going across the mountains
to avoid border patrol,

929
00:48:57,119 --> 00:48:58,938
they don't like the
inaccessible areas

930
00:48:58,949 --> 00:49:00,639
you can't get to
without a vehicle.

931
00:49:01,239 --> 00:49:03,059
The US-Mexico crossing is the

932
00:49:03,070 --> 00:49:05,280
deadliest land
route for refugees

933
00:49:05,280 --> 00:49:09,679
in the world, with over 600
deaths recorded in 2022.

934
00:49:10,239 --> 00:49:13,480
And the more remote the route,
the more dangerous it is.

935
00:49:15,000 --> 00:49:16,440
How's it look?

936
00:49:16,440 --> 00:49:18,041
A little bit dirty.

937
00:49:19,639 --> 00:49:21,875
Usually they come from,
places where they

938
00:49:21,880 --> 00:49:23,713
really don't understand,
deserts.

939
00:49:23,739 --> 00:49:24,809
Right.

940
00:49:25,559 --> 00:49:27,000
They think there's
going to be a stream.

941
00:49:27,000 --> 00:49:28,826
They think there's
going to be a creek

942
00:49:28,840 --> 00:49:30,735
somewhere they
can get water from.

943
00:49:30,760 --> 00:49:32,028
But there's absolutely
nothing here.

944
00:49:32,052 --> 00:49:33,000
Right.

945
00:49:33,000 --> 00:49:36,079
But people aren't dying
of starvation out here,

946
00:49:36,079 --> 00:49:37,547
they're dying of thirst.

947
00:49:40,159 --> 00:49:43,079
And what forces people
to take these precarious routes,

948
00:49:43,079 --> 00:49:47,001
of course, is the famous wall
along the border with Mexico.

949
00:49:48,320 --> 00:49:50,000
In Tucson, Arizona,

950
00:49:50,000 --> 00:49:52,880
illegal traffic dropped 92%.

951
00:49:52,880 --> 00:49:54,728
If you really want
to find out how

952
00:49:54,739 --> 00:49:57,251
effective a wall is,
just ask Israel.

953
00:49:58,559 --> 00:50:01,079
This section predates
President Trump,

954
00:50:01,079 --> 00:50:03,135
but under his first
administration,

955
00:50:03,159 --> 00:50:05,500
Israeli firm Elta was paid

956
00:50:05,525 --> 00:50:08,342
half a million dollars to come
up with prototypes

957
00:50:08,480 --> 00:50:11,119
for his dream of a
coast to coast wall.

958
00:50:11,639 --> 00:50:13,920
What we see here
is the physical fence.

959
00:50:13,920 --> 00:50:16,286
We don't see huge
amounts of surveillance

960
00:50:16,297 --> 00:50:18,280
technology,
but we know it's here.

961
00:50:18,280 --> 00:50:20,273
There are various parts of this

962
00:50:20,286 --> 00:50:22,679
border which use
Israeli made Elbit

963
00:50:23,159 --> 00:50:24,239
surveillance towers.

964
00:50:25,639 --> 00:50:27,920
And now we're going to look
for those surveillance towers.

965
00:50:27,920 --> 00:50:30,880
I'm going to speak to one of
the world's experts about it.

966
00:50:30,880 --> 00:50:33,239
Todd Miller is a journalist
who's been studying

967
00:50:33,239 --> 00:50:36,400
the US-Mexico border
for over 15 years.

968
00:50:36,639 --> 00:50:39,800
He's taking me to see
one of the 55 Israeli Elbit

969
00:50:39,880 --> 00:50:43,000
surveillance towers
dotted across this landscape.

970
00:50:43,679 --> 00:50:45,599
They're actually
working together.

971
00:50:45,599 --> 00:50:48,360
And that's, that's why they
call this the virtual wall.

972
00:50:48,360 --> 00:50:49,215
Right?

973
00:50:49,239 --> 00:50:52,239
These towers are equipped
with night vision cameras

974
00:50:52,480 --> 00:50:55,480
that could see at
least 7.5 miles away.

975
00:50:56,400 --> 00:50:58,519
Regular cameras, thermal energy

976
00:50:58,519 --> 00:51:01,800
cameras, and a ground
sweeping radar system

977
00:51:02,159 --> 00:51:05,920
that supposedly has a,
13 mile radius.

978
00:51:06,719 --> 00:51:09,280
Probably we're standing on
an underground motion sensor.

979
00:51:09,280 --> 00:51:11,523
So if you are
walking and you step

980
00:51:11,536 --> 00:51:13,920
on one,
it sends off a beeping sound

981
00:51:13,920 --> 00:51:15,981
in like the command
and control center

982
00:51:15,992 --> 00:51:18,119
where they're watching
the video feeds.

983
00:51:18,760 --> 00:51:21,000
Then they're able to zoom in,
like, say,

984
00:51:21,000 --> 00:51:23,556
they see somebody
walking on the hill...

985
00:51:23,581 --> 00:51:25,039
- Or us.
- Or us.

986
00:51:25,079 --> 00:51:26,650
It might be zooming in
right...

987
00:51:26,675 --> 00:51:28,697
on us at this,
at this very moment.

988
00:51:28,721 --> 00:51:29,615
Exactly.

989
00:51:29,639 --> 00:51:31,871
On one visit here,
a Border Patrol

990
00:51:31,884 --> 00:51:34,320
agent boasted to
him that just seeing

991
00:51:34,320 --> 00:51:36,021
the towers on the hill forced

992
00:51:36,034 --> 00:51:38,280
migrants to take
more remote routes.

993
00:51:39,119 --> 00:51:42,599
And then he said, well, then
we go to what is a chokepoint,

994
00:51:42,960 --> 00:51:44,590
and we intercept the people when

995
00:51:44,603 --> 00:51:46,400
they come through
the chokepoint.

996
00:51:47,280 --> 00:51:49,639
There's a correlation
between people dying

997
00:51:49,639 --> 00:51:51,737
and these towers that work in

998
00:51:51,748 --> 00:51:54,728
tandem with the
actual border wall.

999
00:51:54,985 --> 00:51:56,025
(tense music)

1000
00:51:56,679 --> 00:51:59,239
I'm with the San Diego
Sheriff's Department.

1001
00:51:59,239 --> 00:52:00,376
I'm the homeland security

1002
00:52:00,387 --> 00:52:02,039
director for the
state of Alabama.

1003
00:52:02,039 --> 00:52:03,440
American law enforcement

1004
00:52:03,440 --> 00:52:05,460
has been turning
to Israel for training

1005
00:52:05,472 --> 00:52:07,625
and equipment
since 9-11.

1006
00:52:07,679 --> 00:52:10,280
What is happening
this evening is a compelling

1007
00:52:10,280 --> 00:52:13,280
chapter in the war on terror.

1008
00:52:13,320 --> 00:52:15,335
Tonight's meeting
is the culmination

1009
00:52:15,347 --> 00:52:17,320
of a week in which
top American law

1010
00:52:17,320 --> 00:52:19,278
enforcement
officials traveled to

1011
00:52:19,291 --> 00:52:21,320
Israel to meet
their counterparts.

1012
00:52:22,280 --> 00:52:25,559
And that relationship has
boosted sales of Israel's

1013
00:52:25,559 --> 00:52:28,559
so-called homeland
security technology.

1014
00:52:28,920 --> 00:52:31,800
The Arizona police are among
many US forces

1015
00:52:31,800 --> 00:52:34,800
using the services
of Israeli company Cellebrite.

1016
00:52:35,239 --> 00:52:37,213
This allows them
to extract all the

1017
00:52:37,224 --> 00:52:39,320
data from mobiles
in their possession

1018
00:52:39,320 --> 00:52:41,025
without a password.

1019
00:52:42,519 --> 00:52:44,880
And the border has been
patrolled by a Hermes

1020
00:52:44,880 --> 00:52:48,239
450 drone,
also made by Elbit Systems.

1021
00:52:49,480 --> 00:52:50,480
This is the promo

1022
00:52:50,480 --> 00:52:53,480
created in the bid for
the towers contract.

1023
00:52:55,000 --> 00:52:56,420
Phrases like "securing the

1024
00:52:56,432 --> 00:52:58,440
world's most
challenging borders"

1025
00:52:58,639 --> 00:53:00,322
are how the
Israeli companies

1026
00:53:00,333 --> 00:53:02,480
remind customers
that their products

1027
00:53:02,480 --> 00:53:04,913
might have been
tested in Palestine.

1028
00:53:05,298 --> 00:53:06,579
(brooding music)

1029
00:53:07,320 --> 00:53:09,760
The tech park at the
University of Arizona

1030
00:53:09,760 --> 00:53:12,760
was keen to get Israeli
companies to locate here

1031
00:53:12,880 --> 00:53:15,880
at the time Elbit was
awarded the tower contract.

1032
00:53:18,920 --> 00:53:20,800
We are going to meet

1033
00:53:20,800 --> 00:53:23,800
Bruce Wright,
who used to head the Arizona

1034
00:53:24,320 --> 00:53:27,239
tech park when he was a big

1035
00:53:27,239 --> 00:53:29,550
figure in encouraging
Israeli companies

1036
00:53:29,563 --> 00:53:31,480
to come and work here and train.

1037
00:53:31,679 --> 00:53:34,219
So we're going to meet him
in his gated community

1038
00:53:34,688 --> 00:53:35,969
(brooding music)

1039
00:53:37,440 --> 00:53:38,440
Good to meet you.

1040
00:53:38,614 --> 00:53:40,974
Welcome to Tucson.

1041
00:53:41,000 --> 00:53:42,719
Elbit is an Israeli

1042
00:53:42,719 --> 00:53:46,559
based company, but they created
a US subsidiary and they wanted

1043
00:53:46,559 --> 00:53:49,559
to demonstrate this technology
along the US-Mexico border.

1044
00:53:50,159 --> 00:53:51,835
We jumped on that
opportunity because

1045
00:53:51,847 --> 00:53:53,400
of our knowledge
and understanding

1046
00:53:53,400 --> 00:53:56,360
of Israel and what was happening
with that technology in Israel.

1047
00:53:56,360 --> 00:53:59,840
They were in some ways very
far ahead of the United States

1048
00:53:59,840 --> 00:54:01,864
in trying to use
technology to manage

1049
00:54:01,876 --> 00:54:03,599
their problems, whether they be,

1050
00:54:04,000 --> 00:54:05,682
you know, terrorism or border

1051
00:54:05,695 --> 00:54:07,800
crossings or
whatever it might be.

1052
00:54:07,840 --> 00:54:09,000
(vibrant electronic
score)

1053
00:54:09,039 --> 00:54:11,559
National border security
is often challenged

1054
00:54:11,559 --> 00:54:13,731
by difficult
topographic conditions

1055
00:54:13,742 --> 00:54:15,552
and vast areas of interest.

1056
00:54:15,920 --> 00:54:19,559
Since Elbit secured the
$200 million Arizona deal,

1057
00:54:19,840 --> 00:54:21,708
the fixed towers
have made it into

1058
00:54:21,719 --> 00:54:23,599
the current Torch-X
borders promo.

1059
00:54:23,639 --> 00:54:25,847
Elbit systems has
the technology,

1060
00:54:25,858 --> 00:54:27,360
knowhow and real world

1061
00:54:27,360 --> 00:54:29,324
operational experience.

1062
00:54:29,347 --> 00:54:31,599
Torch-X is also
used by the Israeli

1063
00:54:31,599 --> 00:54:33,182
army on the border with Gaza.

1064
00:54:33,195 --> 00:54:35,119
and coastal
protection solutions.

1065
00:54:37,775 --> 00:54:39,295
This is Amy Juan

1066
00:54:39,320 --> 00:54:42,320
and the co-op farm in the
Tohono O'Odham nation.

1067
00:54:42,400 --> 00:54:43,960
It's as far as the eye can see.

1068
00:54:43,960 --> 00:54:46,159
So yeah, we're a
pretty special farm.

1069
00:54:46,159 --> 00:54:49,159
Because their land crosses
the US-Mexico border,

1070
00:54:49,159 --> 00:54:52,054
they have the surveillance
towers across their territory.

1071
00:54:52,079 --> 00:54:54,880
It's a loss of privacy,
it's a loss of freedom.

1072
00:54:55,000 --> 00:54:59,119
And if anything, it's not
just them keeping an eye

1073
00:54:59,119 --> 00:55:00,639
on movement across the border,

1074
00:55:00,639 --> 00:55:02,320
it's them keeping an eye on us.

1075
00:55:03,519 --> 00:55:05,679
What Border Patrol
presence has done

1076
00:55:05,679 --> 00:55:08,307
was basically make
everybody suspect.

1077
00:55:09,719 --> 00:55:11,559
To go from a people

1078
00:55:11,559 --> 00:55:14,599
and a place that have
basically been left alone,

1079
00:55:15,400 --> 00:55:20,280
for centuries, to being an
occupied, militarized community,

1080
00:55:20,559 --> 00:55:22,384
it is very traumatizing.

1081
00:55:22,521 --> 00:55:23,496
(brooding music)

1082
00:55:23,519 --> 00:55:25,960
What's been so clear,
being here in Arizona is that

1083
00:55:25,960 --> 00:55:27,186
there is not just a direct

1084
00:55:27,197 --> 00:55:28,960
connection between
what's happening

1085
00:55:28,960 --> 00:55:31,960
in Palestine and here
on the US-Mexico border

1086
00:55:32,159 --> 00:55:35,159
in a physical sense,
but also an ideological sense.

1087
00:55:35,480 --> 00:55:37,829
The perception in
the US in some parts

1088
00:55:37,840 --> 00:55:39,960
is that Israel has
been successful

1089
00:55:40,800 --> 00:55:44,280
in managing,
pushing back Palestinians.

1090
00:55:44,719 --> 00:55:48,599
And the same thing can be done
here to push people, migrants

1091
00:55:48,599 --> 00:55:50,257
in more and more
extreme ways,

1092
00:55:50,269 --> 00:55:52,219
which inevitably leads
to more deaths.

1093
00:55:53,599 --> 00:55:56,280
Mexico is our next destination,
so we're heading

1094
00:55:56,280 --> 00:55:59,719
to the border town of Nogales,
which is a major crossing point.

1095
00:56:00,679 --> 00:56:01,920
We're in the line

1096
00:56:01,920 --> 00:56:03,735
to cross from the US to Mexico,

1097
00:56:03,760 --> 00:56:05,039
I'm gonna have to
turn the camera off.

1098
00:56:05,039 --> 00:56:06,619
And you can't take guns either,

1099
00:56:06,630 --> 00:56:08,471
just to keep the
authorities happy.

1100
00:56:08,672 --> 00:56:10,353
(gentle, relaxed music)

1101
00:56:11,054 --> 00:56:13,255
Here we are, Mexico City.

1102
00:56:13,280 --> 00:56:14,523
So loud!

1103
00:56:15,617 --> 00:56:18,775
This incredible country
of 130 million people

1104
00:56:18,800 --> 00:56:21,360
is renowned for its culture,
food and music.

1105
00:56:21,969 --> 00:56:23,329
(music continues)

1106
00:56:25,800 --> 00:56:27,360
But it's almost as well known

1107
00:56:27,360 --> 00:56:30,360
for its ongoing battles
with drug cartels.

1108
00:56:31,800 --> 00:56:34,800
430,000 people have been killed

1109
00:56:35,039 --> 00:56:38,596
since the start of this drug war
nearly two decades ago.

1110
00:56:38,992 --> 00:56:40,032
(tense music)

1111
00:56:41,320 --> 00:56:44,880
This roundabout in the center
of Mexico City is dedicated to

1112
00:56:44,880 --> 00:56:48,639
some of the estimated 60,000
people who've been disappeared,

1113
00:56:49,119 --> 00:56:52,119
often with the collusion
of law enforcement.

1114
00:56:56,320 --> 00:56:59,639
In 2014, there were 43
students who disappeared.

1115
00:56:59,679 --> 00:57:02,519
Ten years on, there's been
no justice, no accountability.

1116
00:57:02,519 --> 00:57:04,320
It's a huge scandal here.

1117
00:57:04,320 --> 00:57:06,329
And remarkably,
there's actually a real

1118
00:57:06,340 --> 00:57:08,159
deep connection
to Israeli spyware.

1119
00:57:09,119 --> 00:57:11,280
Eduardo Ibanez
has been a regular

1120
00:57:11,280 --> 00:57:14,280
at this protest encampment
for the last ten years.

1121
00:57:33,199 --> 00:57:34,440
Three were killed

1122
00:57:34,440 --> 00:57:38,199
and the remaining 43 were taken
into custody by local police.

1123
00:57:38,639 --> 00:57:41,320
They have not been seen since.

1124
00:57:41,320 --> 00:57:43,192
Various investigations
have revealed

1125
00:57:43,204 --> 00:57:44,679
the involvement of the army,

1126
00:57:45,000 --> 00:57:48,000
but failed to locate the bodies
of the missing.

1127
00:57:48,804 --> 00:57:49,844
(tense music)

1128
00:57:53,119 --> 00:57:55,920
Led by the families,
the movement for justice

1129
00:57:55,920 --> 00:57:58,920
was seen as a threat
by successive governments,

1130
00:58:00,519 --> 00:58:02,639
and the Israeli spyware Pegasus

1131
00:58:02,639 --> 00:58:04,306
was deployed on them.

1132
00:58:07,539 --> 00:58:09,014
We're going to see
Centro Pro

1133
00:58:09,039 --> 00:58:12,360
a legal firm here in
Mexico City, who represented

1134
00:58:12,360 --> 00:58:14,855
some of the 43
disappeared families,

1135
00:58:14,920 --> 00:58:17,096
and to find out how
they were Pegasussed,

1136
00:58:17,199 --> 00:58:19,311
which appears to be a verb now.

1137
00:58:20,360 --> 00:58:24,480
In 2016, things were tense
as the lawyers contested

1138
00:58:24,480 --> 00:58:27,480
the government's account of what
had happened to the missing,

1139
00:58:27,559 --> 00:58:29,557
and then their private
phone calls were

1140
00:58:29,570 --> 00:58:31,480
suddenly all over
the national media.

1141
00:58:31,840 --> 00:58:35,119
I received messages, of,

1142
00:58:36,360 --> 00:58:40,519
phone call that I have had with
one of the parents of the 43

1143
00:58:40,920 --> 00:58:46,119
that was being published
in a big newspaper from, Mexico.

1144
00:58:52,800 --> 00:58:54,639
This phone call
with one of the parents

1145
00:58:54,639 --> 00:58:57,376
was presented in a
way that suggested

1146
00:58:57,387 --> 00:59:00,280
that we were talking
about dirty money,

1147
00:59:00,280 --> 00:59:02,804
and the whole, presentation was

1148
00:59:02,815 --> 00:59:05,980
signed by a drug
cartel and so on.

1149
00:59:06,480 --> 00:59:09,000
When that happened,
we were shocked.

1150
00:59:09,000 --> 00:59:10,360
It was my voice.

1151
00:59:10,360 --> 00:59:12,800
It was a private phone call.

1152
00:59:12,800 --> 00:59:15,818
You become afraid
of what else can

1153
00:59:15,829 --> 00:59:18,599
they have of your private life.

1154
00:59:19,601 --> 00:59:23,119
Then in 2022, Apple's customer
protection system

1155
00:59:23,119 --> 00:59:24,670
alerted them that they were the

1156
00:59:24,682 --> 00:59:26,599
subject of a state
sponsored attack.

1157
00:59:27,440 --> 00:59:29,519
Nowadays, you have
everything on your phone.

1158
00:59:29,519 --> 00:59:33,119
There is nothing that we
can do basically to prevent it.

1159
00:59:33,360 --> 00:59:37,119
What everybody says is that
this technology evolves faster

1160
00:59:37,222 --> 00:59:39,262
than what we can do,

1161
00:59:39,288 --> 00:59:43,260
you know, in a small
NGO in, Mexico City.

1162
00:59:43,480 --> 00:59:45,119
At the time
of the first attack,

1163
00:59:45,360 --> 00:59:47,260
no one knew how
this had happened

1164
00:59:47,280 --> 00:59:49,356
or who else might be targeted.

1165
00:59:50,280 --> 00:59:53,360
Until this man helped identify
the spyware.

1166
00:59:53,519 --> 00:59:54,692
Hi!
- Hi!

1167
00:59:54,760 --> 00:59:56,239
But before we could talk,

1168
00:59:56,239 --> 00:59:59,239
he wanted to check that
my phone wasn't infected.

1169
00:59:59,400 --> 01:00:00,961
It will not only
compromise you,

1170
01:00:00,974 --> 01:00:02,639
but everyone who
has contacted you.

1171
01:00:02,639 --> 01:00:04,039
So it's, it's surveillance

1172
01:00:04,039 --> 01:00:06,480
that goes beyond
their main target.

1173
01:00:06,480 --> 01:00:07,320
What we're gonna do

1174
01:00:07,320 --> 01:00:10,960
is that we are going to see
if we can find something.

1175
01:00:11,280 --> 01:00:13,150
Pegasus can now
get into your phone

1176
01:00:13,163 --> 01:00:15,360
without the user
needing to click a link.

1177
01:00:15,599 --> 01:00:18,599
It takes control of your camera,
your microphone,

1178
01:00:18,599 --> 01:00:21,599
and broadcasts it to those
controlling the software.

1179
01:00:21,639 --> 01:00:24,480
They can see
your location, access your data

1180
01:00:24,480 --> 01:00:26,222
and see what's on your screen,

1181
01:00:26,248 --> 01:00:28,561
including encrypted
messaging apps.

1182
01:00:28,838 --> 01:00:30,815
So it's good.
- It's negative.

1183
01:00:30,840 --> 01:00:31,960
Yeah.

1184
01:00:31,960 --> 01:00:33,000
This phone didn't

1185
01:00:33,000 --> 01:00:34,987
show signs of the
types of infections

1186
01:00:34,998 --> 01:00:36,840
that we check for
including Pegasus.

1187
01:00:36,947 --> 01:00:38,894
How often do you use
these tools to check?

1188
01:00:38,920 --> 01:00:39,960
Are we talking daily?

1189
01:00:39,960 --> 01:00:41,480
Yeah, almost.

1190
01:00:41,480 --> 01:00:44,922
When the lawyer's phones were
first compromised in 2016,

1191
01:00:45,119 --> 01:00:48,119
Luis started investigating
who was behind it.

1192
01:00:48,239 --> 01:00:51,159
This is the first contract

1193
01:00:51,159 --> 01:00:55,400
to get access to Pegasus,
almost $3 million.

1194
01:00:55,400 --> 01:00:58,800
And it mentions also
the number of targets

1195
01:00:59,159 --> 01:01:01,750
because normally
the number of licenses

1196
01:01:01,762 --> 01:01:04,559
that this particular
client acquired,

1197
01:01:04,559 --> 01:01:06,894
which were 500,
that means that you

1198
01:01:06,922 --> 01:01:09,442
can spy 500 phones
at the same time.

1199
01:01:09,599 --> 01:01:12,920
During this period...
10,000

1200
01:01:12,960 --> 01:01:15,159
or even more people were
targeted with Pegasus

1201
01:01:15,159 --> 01:01:17,574
in Mexico, many of
which were journalists,

1202
01:01:17,585 --> 01:01:19,559
human rights defenders,
activists,

1203
01:01:20,199 --> 01:01:23,199
politicians, government
officials themselves.

1204
01:01:23,440 --> 01:01:26,679
Another sales document,
this one from 2022,

1205
01:01:27,039 --> 01:01:28,706
revealed the Mexican army was

1206
01:01:28,717 --> 01:01:30,800
acting in an
unconstitutional way.

1207
01:01:31,146 --> 01:01:33,527
The heading of the email
and the document,

1208
01:01:33,552 --> 01:01:35,440
it's called... (indistinct)

1209
01:01:35,543 --> 01:01:39,623
or like "deadly document"...
something like that.

1210
01:01:39,679 --> 01:01:41,414
That supposed to be funny?
- I don't know if it's

1211
01:01:41,440 --> 01:01:43,719
supposed to be
funny or it's supposed to

1212
01:01:43,742 --> 01:01:45,719
like indicate that
it's very secret.

1213
01:01:45,719 --> 01:01:50,280
The final user of this, director
of Military Intelligence Center,

1214
01:01:50,760 --> 01:01:54,480
this agency was secret,
but it was also illegal.

1215
01:01:54,599 --> 01:01:56,005
They don't have any legal

1216
01:01:56,016 --> 01:01:58,000
authorization to
do surveillance.

1217
01:01:58,599 --> 01:02:00,599
Mexico's army is huge.

1218
01:02:00,599 --> 01:02:02,719
Almost a state within a state.

1219
01:02:02,719 --> 01:02:06,280
And Mexico is the world's
biggest user of Pegasus spyware.

1220
01:02:06,719 --> 01:02:08,039
It's controlled by the Army

1221
01:02:08,039 --> 01:02:12,000
Intelligence Center behind
gate four of this massive camp.

1222
01:02:15,239 --> 01:02:17,519
It's totally secretive.

1223
01:02:17,519 --> 01:02:19,519
There's no way
I can actually get in there.

1224
01:02:19,519 --> 01:02:21,639
Have a chat,
which would be nice.

1225
01:02:21,639 --> 01:02:23,469
Love to see the files.

1226
01:02:24,679 --> 01:02:28,480
Despite the evidence, the Army
still denies they use Pegasus,

1227
01:02:28,880 --> 01:02:31,760
and that dynamic gives Israel
potential leverage

1228
01:02:31,760 --> 01:02:33,818
over Pegasus customers.

1229
01:02:34,032 --> 01:02:35,072
(tense music)

1230
01:02:35,519 --> 01:02:38,239
They could reveal their clients.

1231
01:02:38,239 --> 01:02:41,239
They have allegedly backups

1232
01:02:41,239 --> 01:02:44,239
of all the people
that have been surveilled.

1233
01:02:44,400 --> 01:02:46,659
Definitely,
that gives Israel power over

1234
01:02:46,684 --> 01:02:47,719
the Mexican position.

1235
01:02:47,760 --> 01:02:51,000
For example, the Mexican
army has no legal basis

1236
01:02:51,239 --> 01:02:54,239
to acquire or deploy
a tool like Pegasus.

1237
01:02:54,239 --> 01:02:57,599
That definitely
plays a role into

1238
01:02:57,599 --> 01:03:00,880
how belligerent
the Mexican government or how,

1239
01:03:01,920 --> 01:03:04,800
outspoken it is on,

1240
01:03:04,800 --> 01:03:07,159
issues like the apartheid

1241
01:03:07,159 --> 01:03:10,159
or genocide going on in,
in Palestine.

1242
01:03:10,559 --> 01:03:14,199
After gaining access
to Pegasus in 2011, Mexico's

1243
01:03:14,199 --> 01:03:16,070
tradition of
supporting Palestine

1244
01:03:16,083 --> 01:03:18,014
at the United Nations shifted.

1245
01:03:18,280 --> 01:03:22,440
And after Netanyahu visited
in 2017, Mexico announced

1246
01:03:22,440 --> 01:03:25,920
it would abstain on several
pro-Palestine resolutions.

1247
01:03:27,719 --> 01:03:29,760
The use of Israeli technology

1248
01:03:29,800 --> 01:03:33,487
is even more profoundly
embedded in the European Union.

1249
01:03:33,913 --> 01:03:35,592
(army marching drums)

1250
01:03:36,719 --> 01:03:39,239
The EU is the
second largest buyer

1251
01:03:39,280 --> 01:03:40,967
of Israeli weapons.

1252
01:03:43,380 --> 01:03:44,576
(marching band music)

1253
01:03:44,599 --> 01:03:47,360
Israeli so-called
smart fence technology

1254
01:03:47,360 --> 01:03:49,166
is being installed on Europe's

1255
01:03:49,177 --> 01:03:51,360
land borders to
control migration.

1256
01:03:52,079 --> 01:03:54,016
And we're here in
Samos, Greece

1257
01:03:54,027 --> 01:03:55,719
just two kilometers from Turkey,

1258
01:03:56,079 --> 01:03:59,960
to see how Israeli surveillance
tech is central to the EU's

1259
01:03:59,960 --> 01:04:02,768
vision for border security.
We're meeting

1260
01:04:02,780 --> 01:04:05,400
Petra Molnar,
who is an anthropologist

1261
01:04:05,400 --> 01:04:08,400
and a global expert
on migration and borders.

1262
01:04:08,679 --> 01:04:10,039
Good to see you.

1263
01:04:11,387 --> 01:04:14,135
Samos, I think,
is a really important

1264
01:04:14,159 --> 01:04:15,519
place to try and understand,

1265
01:04:15,519 --> 01:04:18,880
because it was one
of the first camps

1266
01:04:18,880 --> 01:04:23,159
that was constructed to deal
with a mass influx of people

1267
01:04:23,159 --> 01:04:26,760
who were escaping the
Syrian war back in 2015, 2016.

1268
01:04:27,440 --> 01:04:30,559
On the hillside, just outside
the main town of Vathy,

1269
01:04:30,840 --> 01:04:33,760
the old camp was
built for 650 people

1270
01:04:33,960 --> 01:04:37,184
that was rapidly
overwhelmed, with up to 9000.

1271
01:04:37,380 --> 01:04:38,456
(brooding music)

1272
01:04:38,480 --> 01:04:39,880
It was a bustling

1273
01:04:39,880 --> 01:04:43,480
city within a city, almost kind
of spilling down the hillside

1274
01:04:43,519 --> 01:04:46,106
like a glass of milk
into the city of Vathy there.

1275
01:04:46,360 --> 01:04:47,599
People had to build their own

1276
01:04:47,599 --> 01:04:51,400
ramshackle tents, and there were
reports of rape and violence.

1277
01:04:51,880 --> 01:04:54,719
I mean, obviously the
conditions were horrific,

1278
01:04:54,719 --> 01:04:58,018
but it had a bit of like a
community feeling to it.

1279
01:04:58,286 --> 01:04:59,806
(atmospheric music)

1280
01:05:01,599 --> 01:05:03,000
People were surviving.

1281
01:05:03,000 --> 01:05:04,286
There was a school.

1282
01:05:06,119 --> 01:05:08,710
People would cook
and spend time together.

1283
01:05:10,800 --> 01:05:13,800
As we kept getting more
and more people on the island,

1284
01:05:14,079 --> 01:05:15,302
the authorities decided that

1285
01:05:15,315 --> 01:05:17,079
something had to
be done to this camp.

1286
01:05:17,400 --> 01:05:19,382
And therefore they
obviously decided they

1287
01:05:19,394 --> 01:05:21,199
want to build
something more high tech

1288
01:05:21,199 --> 01:05:22,920
and bigger.

1289
01:05:22,920 --> 01:05:23,735
Yeah, that's right,

1290
01:05:23,760 --> 01:05:25,653
with money from the European
Union and

1291
01:05:25,679 --> 01:05:29,119
Samos was the first camp
like this that was constructed.

1292
01:05:29,119 --> 01:05:30,960
It's just over the hill there.

1293
01:05:30,960 --> 01:05:34,059
And it is very, very
different from this one.

1294
01:05:35,760 --> 01:05:39,000
In 2021, thousands of
refugees were moved

1295
01:05:39,039 --> 01:05:42,920
to the new Closed Control
Access Center, or CCAC.

1296
01:05:45,559 --> 01:05:47,320
Much better living conditions,

1297
01:05:47,320 --> 01:05:48,822
but at the same time, increased

1298
01:05:48,833 --> 01:05:50,639
security provisions
for the benefit

1299
01:05:50,840 --> 01:05:51,960
of asylum seekers,

1300
01:05:51,960 --> 01:05:53,463
for the benefit of
the staff

1301
01:05:53,474 --> 01:05:55,416
and for the benefit of the
local communities.

1302
01:05:55,960 --> 01:05:59,920
This CCAC is up a hill eight
kilometers from the town.

1303
01:06:00,559 --> 01:06:02,039
What really strikes you first,

1304
01:06:02,039 --> 01:06:04,519
like it's a massive
block of concrete.

1305
01:06:04,519 --> 01:06:07,199
It's sunbaked. It's so hot.

1306
01:06:07,199 --> 01:06:08,927
It's just, you know,
there's very

1307
01:06:08,940 --> 01:06:10,679
little vegetation
inside the camp

1308
01:06:11,039 --> 01:06:12,840
and also so much surveillance.

1309
01:06:12,840 --> 01:06:15,074
When we went in for
the official opening,

1310
01:06:15,086 --> 01:06:17,280
we were able to go
inside the containers

1311
01:06:17,280 --> 01:06:18,862
where people are
living and there

1312
01:06:18,873 --> 01:06:20,280
are cameras in the corridors.

1313
01:06:20,639 --> 01:06:23,559
There's also cameras
on some of the taller poles.

1314
01:06:23,559 --> 01:06:25,521
People have
reported drone usage,

1315
01:06:25,534 --> 01:06:27,159
and where the data is going

1316
01:06:27,159 --> 01:06:30,159
and who it's being shared
with is not exactly clear.

1317
01:06:30,199 --> 01:06:32,039
So what is it
like to live there?

1318
01:06:32,039 --> 01:06:34,163
Rouli came from Syria and was

1319
01:06:34,175 --> 01:06:36,880
moved from the old
camp to the CCAC.

1320
01:06:36,880 --> 01:06:39,469
You see the wires,
the cameras, the...

1321
01:06:39,960 --> 01:06:41,800
security guard,
the police, like...

1322
01:06:43,000 --> 01:06:46,159
Where am I? I am
in Guantanamo now.

1323
01:06:46,440 --> 01:06:50,739
Sometimes I was exiting my
container to get fresh air.

1324
01:06:51,079 --> 01:06:53,480
Like, I cannot be in this box.

1325
01:06:53,480 --> 01:06:56,159
You look here like
there is a camera.

1326
01:06:56,159 --> 01:06:57,840
You look there like
there's a camera.

1327
01:06:57,840 --> 01:07:00,119
You turn like this,
there is a camera.

1328
01:07:00,119 --> 01:07:02,679
And then beside that,
like everywhere,

1329
01:07:02,679 --> 01:07:06,425
there are police officers,
security guards.

1330
01:07:06,440 --> 01:07:09,559
You're controlled. Your life,
it's... under control,

1331
01:07:09,563 --> 01:07:11,003
twenty four seven.

1332
01:07:12,760 --> 01:07:15,715
You feel like everyone
like is staring at you.

1333
01:07:17,119 --> 01:07:18,425
Like as you are, like...

1334
01:07:19,565 --> 01:07:23,329
Like... the most dangerous
person in the world.

1335
01:07:23,833 --> 01:07:24,873
(tense music)

1336
01:07:26,519 --> 01:07:28,960
I want to know what all
this surveillance is for.

1337
01:07:28,960 --> 01:07:31,181
So I'm meeting an
NGO that provides

1338
01:07:31,193 --> 01:07:33,239
legal support to asylum seekers.

1339
01:07:34,775 --> 01:07:37,894
When people are registered
and the Closed Control

1340
01:07:37,920 --> 01:07:39,550
Access Center,
they're required to

1341
01:07:39,563 --> 01:07:41,440
give their fingerprints
multiple times.

1342
01:07:41,760 --> 01:07:44,215
And part of this is for
the asylum procedure.

1343
01:07:44,239 --> 01:07:45,480
It's for the Eurodac system

1344
01:07:45,480 --> 01:07:48,639
that's an EU wide database of
fingerprints of asylum seekers.

1345
01:07:48,960 --> 01:07:52,280
But it's also for Hyperion,
this biometric

1346
01:07:52,280 --> 01:07:55,360
AI technology that
the CCAC has in place,

1347
01:07:55,360 --> 01:07:57,320
that's 100% funded by the EU.

1348
01:07:58,480 --> 01:08:02,000
So they have a biometric card,
and when they leave the facility

1349
01:08:02,000 --> 01:08:04,079
and when they come back
in, they have to scan the card

1350
01:08:04,079 --> 01:08:07,079
and scan their fingerprint
to be able to enter and exit.

1351
01:08:08,400 --> 01:08:11,159
When you look at the Ministry
of Migration's website,

1352
01:08:11,159 --> 01:08:13,273
you can see that
they report that

1353
01:08:13,284 --> 01:08:15,159
there's, behavioral or motion

1354
01:08:15,159 --> 01:08:17,195
recognition
analytics that is being

1355
01:08:17,207 --> 01:08:19,199
used in the Centaur system.

1356
01:08:19,560 --> 01:08:23,760
To our understanding,
there's CCTV cameras and drones,

1357
01:08:24,159 --> 01:08:28,119
which are then, live streamed
to a control center in Athens.

1358
01:08:28,720 --> 01:08:32,640
This is known as Centaur
and controls the Samos CCAC.

1359
01:08:32,680 --> 01:08:34,617
and four other similar camps.

1360
01:08:35,288 --> 01:08:38,199
At the heart of it is a system
supplied by Octopus,

1361
01:08:38,560 --> 01:08:42,377
an Israeli firm whose customers
include the Israeli military.

1362
01:08:43,880 --> 01:08:45,239
Octopus allows simple

1363
01:08:45,239 --> 01:08:48,319
management of entire
security events from one screen.

1364
01:08:48,600 --> 01:08:52,600
And on Samos, we discovered that
the behavioral analytics is done

1365
01:08:52,600 --> 01:08:54,880
by Israeli company Viisights,

1366
01:08:54,880 --> 01:08:56,783
which is supported
by the Israeli

1367
01:08:56,796 --> 01:08:58,600
army and intelligence services.

1368
01:08:58,600 --> 01:09:00,630
It goes to these policies of

1369
01:09:00,641 --> 01:09:03,560
exclusion and
technologies of control.

1370
01:09:03,800 --> 01:09:06,800
I mean, I was in the
occupied West Bank last year

1371
01:09:06,960 --> 01:09:09,005
and some of the
infrastructure that

1372
01:09:09,016 --> 01:09:10,960
you see there is
replicated here.

1373
01:09:10,960 --> 01:09:12,923
I mean, it is the kind of same

1374
01:09:12,935 --> 01:09:15,439
thinking that
technology can be used

1375
01:09:15,439 --> 01:09:16,600
to manage people

1376
01:09:16,600 --> 01:09:18,492
and control people
and keep people away

1377
01:09:18,503 --> 01:09:20,359
that you don't want
on your territory.

1378
01:09:20,840 --> 01:09:23,640
Key to Europe's efforts
to keep people away

1379
01:09:23,640 --> 01:09:27,069
are the Heron drones
Israel uses to surveil Gaza.

1380
01:09:27,439 --> 01:09:30,479
In 2020,
Israel Aerospace Industries

1381
01:09:30,479 --> 01:09:34,342
signed a $50 million deal to
provide the drones

1382
01:09:34,368 --> 01:09:37,693
to the EU's border
force Frontex.

1383
01:09:39,600 --> 01:09:40,800
Introducing

1384
01:09:40,800 --> 01:09:44,359
Heron Maritime UAS
with a multi-sensor payload

1385
01:09:44,399 --> 01:09:47,880
tailored to the mission
and with 24 hours of endurance.

1386
01:09:47,880 --> 01:09:51,399
Known as a fixed wing drone,
the Heron has a range of up

1387
01:09:51,399 --> 01:09:54,399
to 1000km from
its base in Malta.

1388
01:09:54,600 --> 01:09:58,119
Unlike a ship on the sea,
a drone has no obligation

1389
01:09:58,119 --> 01:10:00,520
to rescue vessels in distress.

1390
01:10:00,520 --> 01:10:03,095
Instead, Frontex passes
the location of

1391
01:10:03,108 --> 01:10:05,760
migrant boats to the
Libyan Coast Guard.

1392
01:10:06,079 --> 01:10:08,319
The boat capsized
during the interception.

1393
01:10:08,319 --> 01:10:11,494
The EU pays Libya
to intercept migrants.

1394
01:10:11,520 --> 01:10:14,396
In just the first ten
months of 2024,

1395
01:10:14,439 --> 01:10:16,774
over 18,000 people
were stopped from

1396
01:10:16,800 --> 01:10:17,762
reaching Europe.

1397
01:10:17,787 --> 01:10:19,421
There's people in the water now.
- Yeah.

1398
01:10:19,496 --> 01:10:21,118
A lot, a lot of people
in the water.

1399
01:10:21,180 --> 01:10:22,569
All of them.

1400
01:10:25,199 --> 01:10:26,920
At least 28,000

1401
01:10:26,920 --> 01:10:28,208
people have died in the

1402
01:10:28,220 --> 01:10:30,483
Mediterranean
in the last decade.

1403
01:10:34,199 --> 01:10:37,997
The Greek government and the EU
deny that they do pushbacks.

1404
01:10:38,399 --> 01:10:41,239
What do you think
their logic is in doing so?

1405
01:10:41,239 --> 01:10:43,636
They want to make
the passage into the EU

1406
01:10:43,649 --> 01:10:46,000
as difficult and as
violent as possible,

1407
01:10:46,000 --> 01:10:49,122
so that other people
are dissuaded from coming,

1408
01:10:49,359 --> 01:10:50,760
because the
more technology

1409
01:10:50,760 --> 01:10:54,159
you have, the more, the bigger
your surveillance dragnet is.

1410
01:10:54,159 --> 01:10:55,960
And people also know that.

1411
01:10:55,960 --> 01:10:57,631
And so they will
take riskier routes

1412
01:10:57,643 --> 01:10:59,662
to try and avoid
that surveillance.

1413
01:11:00,000 --> 01:11:02,542
In 2019, the Greek Coast
Guard signed

1414
01:11:02,554 --> 01:11:04,840
a deal with Israeli
company Elbit

1415
01:11:05,079 --> 01:11:08,720
for a full combat suite,
enabling patrol boats to control

1416
01:11:08,720 --> 01:11:11,087
fleets of drones and
conduct surveillance

1417
01:11:11,100 --> 01:11:12,800
far beyond the line of sight.

1418
01:11:13,560 --> 01:11:16,920
The army acquired an Israeli
made Heron drone for border

1419
01:11:16,920 --> 01:11:21,359
duty in 2020, and the Coast
Guard has had one since 2022.

1420
01:11:21,426 --> 01:11:22,426
(gunshots)

1421
01:11:22,520 --> 01:11:24,840
This footage shows the
Coast Guard illegally

1422
01:11:24,877 --> 01:11:26,920
pushing a boat
out of Greek waters

1423
01:11:27,119 --> 01:11:30,119
and into Turkish waters,
known as a push back.

1424
01:11:31,119 --> 01:11:33,509
It's something Rouli
experienced multiple

1425
01:11:33,520 --> 01:11:36,363
times during his
attempts to reach Greece.

1426
01:11:36,439 --> 01:11:41,039
They were like,
hitting us with the iron, metal.

1427
01:11:41,239 --> 01:11:44,476
And they were like,
destroying the motor

1428
01:11:44,560 --> 01:11:47,277
and asked us,
like to throw the oil,

1429
01:11:47,301 --> 01:11:48,895
(indistinct)

1430
01:11:48,920 --> 01:11:54,145
to not be able to cross
after when they... leave.

1431
01:11:56,159 --> 01:11:57,840
We've made contact with
someone who works

1432
01:11:57,840 --> 01:12:00,840
at this high tech camp, and he
doesn't want to be identified.

1433
01:12:00,864 --> 01:12:03,864
So we have to go out of town
to interview him.

1434
01:12:04,079 --> 01:12:05,658
And we're on the
way there now.

1435
01:12:06,239 --> 01:12:09,119
The whistleblower says
that in 2020, Greece

1436
01:12:09,119 --> 01:12:12,479
adopted a policy to push back
100% of the boats.

1437
01:12:12,800 --> 01:12:15,255
So they started pushing
every boat back...

1438
01:12:15,279 --> 01:12:17,335
- To Turkish waters.
- To Turkish waters.

1439
01:12:17,439 --> 01:12:21,000
He says after 2020, almost no
one arrived at the camp.

1440
01:12:22,159 --> 01:12:23,760
After March 2020,

1441
01:12:23,760 --> 01:12:26,037
the numbers to Samos
were ridiculous,

1442
01:12:26,079 --> 01:12:29,177
I think it was like
25 people in total.

1443
01:12:29,760 --> 01:12:32,760
But you cannot have zero
arrivals for the whole year.

1444
01:12:33,239 --> 01:12:36,479
They proved that they can
control 100% of the arrivals.

1445
01:12:37,072 --> 01:12:39,091
That changed in June 2023, when

1446
01:12:39,104 --> 01:12:41,479
the Greek
coastguard tried to tow

1447
01:12:41,479 --> 01:12:44,398
a refugee boat,
the Adrianna, but instead

1448
01:12:44,409 --> 01:12:47,329
capsized it,
killing nearly 600 people.

1449
01:12:47,560 --> 01:12:49,032
Suddenly, Greece's border

1450
01:12:49,043 --> 01:12:51,239
practices were
under the spotlight.

1451
01:12:52,079 --> 01:12:53,520
They changed their policy.

1452
01:12:53,520 --> 01:12:55,359
They stopped doing pushbacks.

1453
01:12:55,359 --> 01:12:57,359
He says that for Samos,
the pause

1454
01:12:57,371 --> 01:12:59,560
resulted in more
people in the camp.

1455
01:12:59,800 --> 01:13:03,279
And that's why from 300 people,
400 people that were there,

1456
01:13:03,439 --> 01:13:07,506
within two maximum three months,
we had 4000 people in the camp.

1457
01:13:07,960 --> 01:13:09,542
The reason behind
that is because

1458
01:13:09,554 --> 01:13:10,960
they stopped doing pushbacks.

1459
01:13:11,560 --> 01:13:13,247
We've looked at
the official data for

1460
01:13:13,260 --> 01:13:14,960
arrivals and the
numbers in the camp,

1461
01:13:15,279 --> 01:13:18,239
and they broadly
support what he's saying.

1462
01:13:18,239 --> 01:13:21,119
Makes sense that Greece
and Israel are very close.

1463
01:13:21,119 --> 01:13:23,247
They've never been
closer, defense deals.

1464
01:13:23,273 --> 01:13:26,703
But it's more than that. Both
countries sell themselves

1465
01:13:26,920 --> 01:13:28,175
as a model

1466
01:13:28,199 --> 01:13:31,261
to how to keep
unwanted populations out.

1467
01:13:34,100 --> 01:13:35,220
(lively music)

1468
01:13:37,600 --> 01:13:38,960
We just arrived in Delhi

1469
01:13:38,960 --> 01:13:42,199
in India and it is
predictably overwhelming.

1470
01:13:42,920 --> 01:13:45,279
And we know already that

1471
01:13:45,279 --> 01:13:47,880
India buys more arms off
Israel than anyone else.

1472
01:13:47,880 --> 01:13:49,451
But actually we've
come to discover,

1473
01:13:49,462 --> 01:13:50,880
is the relationship
more than that?

1474
01:13:53,239 --> 01:13:57,000
As India overtakes China as the
world's most populous country,

1475
01:13:57,359 --> 01:13:59,087
the government
is keen to increase

1476
01:13:59,100 --> 01:14:00,840
its high technology
manufacturing,

1477
01:14:01,079 --> 01:14:04,079
and this has led to
deep ties with Israel.

1478
01:14:06,199 --> 01:14:09,307
We're on our way to meet
some farmers in Punjab state,

1479
01:14:09,332 --> 01:14:10,439
not that far from Delhi.

1480
01:14:10,439 --> 01:14:12,119
And the reason
we want to do this

1481
01:14:12,119 --> 01:14:14,387
is that we've
discovered that they

1482
01:14:14,399 --> 01:14:16,680
have been attacked
early this year

1483
01:14:16,680 --> 01:14:18,877
by drones,
and there's a connection

1484
01:14:18,889 --> 01:14:21,159
with how Israel
treats Palestinians.

1485
01:14:21,159 --> 01:14:24,159
So we want to go and speak to
them, understand what happened.

1486
01:14:25,399 --> 01:14:28,359
This was the response of
the authorities to Sikh farmers

1487
01:14:28,359 --> 01:14:30,479
peacefully protesting
at the removal

1488
01:14:30,490 --> 01:14:32,680
of price protections
for their crops.

1489
01:14:33,159 --> 01:14:34,806
Six months later, they're still

1490
01:14:34,819 --> 01:14:36,960
camped out on the
motorway in protest.

1491
01:14:37,399 --> 01:14:40,800
Pushpinder Singh remembers how
the police used a tactic new

1492
01:14:40,800 --> 01:14:43,880
to India: dropping
tear gas from drones.

1493
01:15:15,399 --> 01:15:17,680
This is one of the
farmers' leaders.

1494
01:15:17,680 --> 01:15:19,807
He shows me the empty canisters,
some of

1495
01:15:19,819 --> 01:15:21,960
which they said had
come from the drone.

1496
01:15:29,015 --> 01:15:30,694
Interrupted by the monsoon,

1497
01:15:30,720 --> 01:15:33,720
we go to their
makeshift headquarters.

1498
01:15:33,720 --> 01:15:34,631
That's the drone.

1499
01:15:36,399 --> 01:15:37,520
Dropping tear gas?

1500
01:15:49,800 --> 01:15:52,359
The police drones
were supplied by Driishya,

1501
01:15:52,359 --> 01:15:55,313
a company owned by the state
of Haryana.

1502
01:15:55,337 --> 01:15:56,494
To find out more

1503
01:15:56,520 --> 01:15:59,520
we met the former chief
operating officer of Driishya,

1504
01:15:59,520 --> 01:16:02,760
also a former wing commander
in the Indian Air Force.

1505
01:16:02,760 --> 01:16:06,335
In 2018, Haryana sent
a delegation

1506
01:16:06,359 --> 01:16:08,827
to Israel, politicians
and police.

1507
01:16:09,119 --> 01:16:10,908
Why did they go
there and what were

1508
01:16:10,920 --> 01:16:12,720
they hoping to
learn from a country

1509
01:16:12,720 --> 01:16:16,199
that describes itself as a
leader in homeland security?

1510
01:16:25,960 --> 01:16:27,600
Haryana's chief minister led

1511
01:16:27,600 --> 01:16:31,319
the delegation, which visited
Israel Aerospace Industries,

1512
01:16:31,479 --> 01:16:33,037
where they were briefed about

1513
01:16:33,048 --> 01:16:35,159
innovations in
aerospace and defense.

1514
01:16:48,447 --> 01:16:49,960
At the time of the Indian visit,

1515
01:16:50,279 --> 01:16:53,560
Palestinians were peacefully
protesting on the Gaza border.

1516
01:16:54,439 --> 01:16:56,760
It was here the
Israeli army pioneered

1517
01:16:56,760 --> 01:17:00,800
the practice of using drones
to drop tear gas on protesters.

1518
01:17:02,560 --> 01:17:03,720
The Israeli army

1519
01:17:03,720 --> 01:17:07,119
also shot and injured
over 36,000 people

1520
01:17:07,439 --> 01:17:09,082
and killed 200.

1521
01:17:11,640 --> 01:17:13,880
At the Indian farmers protest,

1522
01:17:13,880 --> 01:17:15,877
the Driishya drones were
initially being used

1523
01:17:15,889 --> 01:17:17,680
for surveillance of the farmers,

1524
01:17:17,895 --> 01:17:19,694
says the wing commander.

1525
01:17:40,342 --> 01:17:43,680
This is far from the only
exchange of ideas and weapons

1526
01:17:43,680 --> 01:17:45,452
between India and Israel.

1527
01:17:46,439 --> 01:17:49,119
I promise to defend you.

1528
01:17:49,119 --> 01:17:51,000
In this Bollywood style song

1529
01:17:51,000 --> 01:17:54,000
Israel sings his
allegiance to India.

1530
01:17:54,935 --> 01:17:57,335
Shield you and support you.

1531
01:17:57,359 --> 01:17:59,587
While dancing
around the products of

1532
01:17:59,600 --> 01:18:01,840
Israeli missile
manufacturer Rafael.

1533
01:18:02,159 --> 01:18:04,760
I believe in you.

1534
01:18:07,734 --> 01:18:10,279
To find out how this
relationship came about

1535
01:18:10,279 --> 01:18:13,279
I'm meeting defense
expert Rahul Bedi.

1536
01:18:13,962 --> 01:18:15,814
Hi!
- Hi! Lovely to meet you.

1537
01:18:15,840 --> 01:18:17,880
How are you?
- He says things changed

1538
01:18:17,880 --> 01:18:20,445
when India's previous main
weapons supplier,

1539
01:18:20,470 --> 01:18:23,880
the Soviet Union,
collapsed in 1991.

1540
01:18:24,159 --> 01:18:26,438
Israel sensed an opportunity.

1541
01:18:26,760 --> 01:18:30,376
India was a very ready
and a very hungry customer.

1542
01:18:32,413 --> 01:18:36,454
India is currently the largest
purchaser of Israeli weapons,

1543
01:18:36,479 --> 01:18:39,328
buying nearly
50% of total exports.

1544
01:18:39,680 --> 01:18:41,359
But it's more than a customer.

1545
01:18:41,359 --> 01:18:43,626
Under the Make In India policy,

1546
01:18:43,637 --> 01:18:45,720
the Adani Group
and Israeli company

1547
01:18:45,720 --> 01:18:47,967
Elbit are making
a version of the

1548
01:18:47,993 --> 01:18:50,296
Hermes 900 drone in Hyderabad.

1549
01:18:50,560 --> 01:18:52,739
Israel Aerospace
Industries has set up

1550
01:18:52,760 --> 01:18:55,007
a joint venture with
Bharat Electronics

1551
01:18:55,279 --> 01:18:58,920
to maintain the IAI design
medium range surface to air

1552
01:18:58,960 --> 01:19:02,079
missiles used across
India's armed forces.

1553
01:19:02,560 --> 01:19:04,323
And India has made its space

1554
01:19:04,335 --> 01:19:06,957
launch capacity
available to Israel.

1555
01:19:07,560 --> 01:19:09,680
With surveillance satellites

1556
01:19:09,680 --> 01:19:12,600
to surveil their borders

1557
01:19:12,600 --> 01:19:15,880
in Gaza and in the
Northern Territories.

1558
01:19:16,135 --> 01:19:18,454
They launched another satellite
soon after.

1559
01:19:18,479 --> 01:19:20,640
It was called RISAT,
R, I, S, A, T,

1560
01:19:21,427 --> 01:19:25,255
with the X-ray radar
supplied by IAI,

1561
01:19:25,279 --> 01:19:29,100
Israel Aircraft Industries,
which helps India

1562
01:19:29,399 --> 01:19:32,239
monitor its line of
control with Pakistan.

1563
01:19:40,202 --> 01:19:41,296
(crowd noise)

1564
01:19:41,319 --> 01:19:45,039
After October 7th, there was
a huge increase in pro-Israel

1565
01:19:45,064 --> 01:19:49,037
social media posts by right wing
Hindu groups like this.

1566
01:19:59,319 --> 01:20:00,640
This street level
support enables

1567
01:20:00,650 --> 01:20:02,920
more establishment
Hindu nationalists

1568
01:20:02,920 --> 01:20:05,217
to go even further,
especially around

1569
01:20:05,229 --> 01:20:07,907
India's disputed
territory of Kashmir.

1570
01:20:13,640 --> 01:20:15,960
This is a dawn of a new era

1571
01:20:15,960 --> 01:20:18,720
in the great friendship
between India and Israel.

1572
01:20:18,720 --> 01:20:22,199
I think it heralds
a flourishing of our partnership

1573
01:20:22,199 --> 01:20:25,708
to bring prosperity and peace
for both our peoples.

1574
01:20:26,680 --> 01:20:28,800
At the offices
of the independent news site

1575
01:20:28,800 --> 01:20:31,800
The Wire, I'm meeting
its founding editor.

1576
01:20:32,399 --> 01:20:35,640
How would you describe the
shared values and relationship

1577
01:20:35,640 --> 01:20:38,840
between Modi, Netanyahu,
Israel and India?

1578
01:20:39,520 --> 01:20:44,000
The official definition
of Israel now is as a...

1579
01:20:45,680 --> 01:20:47,255
homeland for Jews

1580
01:20:47,279 --> 01:20:49,680
and Jews are the
only authentic Israelis.

1581
01:20:50,239 --> 01:20:52,020
Israel is a Jewish state.

1582
01:20:53,152 --> 01:20:55,792
Their counterparts in India
envision India as a Hindu state,

1583
01:20:55,840 --> 01:20:59,319
as a Hindu Russia, where
Hindus are the only authentic...

1584
01:21:00,319 --> 01:21:01,199
Indians.

1585
01:21:01,239 --> 01:21:04,840
So I think that's very important
glue that binds the,

1586
01:21:04,960 --> 01:21:08,463
the two governments
at this stage.

1587
01:21:09,640 --> 01:21:11,880
After independence in 1948,

1588
01:21:11,880 --> 01:21:14,880
India saw itself as a
post-colonial leader

1589
01:21:14,960 --> 01:21:17,960
and was one of the first
to recognize Palestine.

1590
01:21:19,159 --> 01:21:21,144
But that's been
shifting since India has

1591
01:21:21,155 --> 01:21:23,199
been a large customer
of Israeli weapons.

1592
01:21:23,520 --> 01:21:26,279
And in 2024, India abstained

1593
01:21:26,279 --> 01:21:29,279
on the motion to end the
occupation in Palestine.

1594
01:21:29,359 --> 01:21:30,921
It's really quite
appalling the way

1595
01:21:30,934 --> 01:21:32,640
in which the current
Indian government

1596
01:21:32,640 --> 01:21:34,145
has reversed
India's long standing

1597
01:21:34,194 --> 01:21:35,796
support for the
people of Palestine,

1598
01:21:35,840 --> 01:21:38,279
going back to before India
was an independent country.

1599
01:21:38,479 --> 01:21:39,600
(bright music)

1600
01:21:40,399 --> 01:21:43,279
Far from criticizing
Israel for its war on Gaza,

1601
01:21:43,640 --> 01:21:47,359
India's booming defense industry
is now exporting explosives,

1602
01:21:47,600 --> 01:21:50,600
missiles and drones to Israel.

1603
01:21:52,774 --> 01:21:53,734
So when we came here,

1604
01:21:53,766 --> 01:21:56,654
we knew that India
buys more arms from

1605
01:21:56,694 --> 01:21:58,015
Israel than anyone
else in the world.

1606
01:21:58,039 --> 01:22:00,404
But actually what we've
discovered being here,

1607
01:22:00,600 --> 01:22:02,560
is it really
there's a cultural

1608
01:22:02,800 --> 01:22:05,574
affinity between
India and Israel,

1609
01:22:05,600 --> 01:22:07,840
which is kind of about
racial supremacy.

1610
01:22:07,920 --> 01:22:10,920
Both nations admire
each other's racism.

1611
01:22:11,800 --> 01:22:13,207
But before India,

1612
01:22:13,279 --> 01:22:16,640
Israel had an even murkier
brush with racial supremacy.

1613
01:22:16,920 --> 01:22:18,373
I've come to South Africa

1614
01:22:18,398 --> 01:22:20,479
to see to what extent
Israel helped support

1615
01:22:20,479 --> 01:22:22,560
the apartheid regime here.

1616
01:22:23,631 --> 01:22:26,315
So we're in Cape Town,
South Africa,

1617
01:22:26,439 --> 01:22:28,375
and first, we're at the

1618
01:22:28,399 --> 01:22:30,365
richest, poshest
part of the city

1619
01:22:30,560 --> 01:22:32,421
to see this incredible wealth.

1620
01:22:33,230 --> 01:22:35,555
It's no accident
that Seapoint remains

1621
01:22:35,587 --> 01:22:38,055
one of the wealthiest
areas in South Africa.

1622
01:22:38,079 --> 01:22:41,840
Under apartheid, only white
people were able to live here.

1623
01:22:42,104 --> 01:22:44,015
(gentle music)

1624
01:22:47,509 --> 01:22:49,574
Instituted in 1948,

1625
01:22:49,600 --> 01:22:51,494
the apartheid
policy was a form of

1626
01:22:51,520 --> 01:22:53,920
racial discrimination
that saw whites,

1627
01:22:54,119 --> 01:22:55,829
coloreds and blacks living under

1628
01:22:55,841 --> 01:22:58,362
different legal and
economic systems.

1629
01:22:59,880 --> 01:23:01,859
Non-white people
were forcibly moved

1630
01:23:01,872 --> 01:23:03,920
from the city and
put into townships

1631
01:23:04,119 --> 01:23:06,167
where many still live today.

1632
01:23:08,735 --> 01:23:11,951
So just on the way to a township
on the outskirts of Cape Town

1633
01:23:12,000 --> 01:23:13,210
where we're going
to see the

1634
01:23:13,234 --> 01:23:15,000
reality of what
apartheid was like.

1635
01:23:15,479 --> 01:23:17,395
And we're going to
meet up with a woman

1636
01:23:17,408 --> 01:23:19,239
called Henriette,
who was campaigning

1637
01:23:19,920 --> 01:23:21,676
against it for years.

1638
01:23:23,520 --> 01:23:25,479
There are townships
on either side of this

1639
01:23:25,479 --> 01:23:27,583
highway established
during apartheid,

1640
01:23:27,595 --> 01:23:29,600
to provide labor
for the factories

1641
01:23:29,600 --> 01:23:31,070
a bit further down.

1642
01:23:31,460 --> 01:23:32,579
(gentle music)

1643
01:23:34,585 --> 01:23:36,319
This is the outskirts of Langa,

1644
01:23:36,319 --> 01:23:37,951
the black township.

1645
01:23:39,960 --> 01:23:41,880
Even now, it's dominated

1646
01:23:41,880 --> 01:23:44,073
by informal settlements
built by people

1647
01:23:44,085 --> 01:23:46,297
who can't find
any other housing.

1648
01:23:50,640 --> 01:23:53,640
It's just so shocking
and enraging.

1649
01:23:55,920 --> 01:23:57,560
On the other side of the highway

1650
01:23:57,560 --> 01:24:01,239
is Bonteheuwel, a township
established for colored people,

1651
01:24:01,479 --> 01:24:03,551
which included those
who were mixed race,

1652
01:24:03,564 --> 01:24:06,052
indigenous
and of Asian heritage,

1653
01:24:06,215 --> 01:24:07,528
where I'm meeting
Henriette.

1654
01:24:07,552 --> 01:24:08,681
Hello.
- Hello.

1655
01:24:08,744 --> 01:24:09,784
(dog barking)

1656
01:24:09,840 --> 01:24:11,652
Wow, what a
beautiful garden.

1657
01:24:12,913 --> 01:24:14,033
(gentle music)

1658
01:24:16,960 --> 01:24:21,159
I was born in the apartheid
system, so for me it was normal.

1659
01:24:21,600 --> 01:24:25,560
Nie blankes... whites only,
Europeans only.

1660
01:24:26,079 --> 01:24:29,079
It was ingrained in you

1661
01:24:29,279 --> 01:24:31,800
that this is not for you.

1662
01:24:31,800 --> 01:24:33,760
These are for white people.

1663
01:24:33,760 --> 01:24:34,800
And something
like a train

1664
01:24:34,800 --> 01:24:36,806
you could see the
different standards.

1665
01:24:36,832 --> 01:24:38,533
We would sit on hard wooden

1666
01:24:38,560 --> 01:24:41,640
benches in the train,
and they would have cushy,

1667
01:24:43,159 --> 01:24:44,239
seats.

1668
01:24:44,239 --> 01:24:46,760
How was apartheid
enforced exactly?

1669
01:24:46,760 --> 01:24:49,479
The police and the army
during the 80s, they felt

1670
01:24:49,479 --> 01:24:51,025
that they had to be present like

1671
01:24:51,037 --> 01:24:52,840
they were stationed
at our schools.

1672
01:24:52,840 --> 01:24:56,640
It was nothing for them to
march up and down our corridors.

1673
01:24:56,640 --> 01:24:59,438
Or if they weren't
stationed there, they

1674
01:24:59,449 --> 01:25:02,119
were doing the
rounds on our streets.

1675
01:25:02,520 --> 01:25:04,233
So, they were everywhere.

1676
01:25:04,466 --> 01:25:05,747
(brooding music)

1677
01:25:07,801 --> 01:25:10,362
Apartheid was resisted
from the beginning,

1678
01:25:10,390 --> 01:25:11,975
but by the 1980s,

1679
01:25:12,000 --> 01:25:13,658
the African National Congress

1680
01:25:13,682 --> 01:25:16,835
and other groups were
organizing mass protests.

1681
01:25:17,368 --> 01:25:18,895
(crowd noise)

1682
01:25:20,920 --> 01:25:23,920
Henriette was
one of the activists.

1683
01:25:26,079 --> 01:25:27,600
(atmospheric music)

1684
01:25:31,199 --> 01:25:33,000
This is what's called
Freedom Square.

1685
01:25:33,000 --> 01:25:33,880
Yeah.

1686
01:25:33,880 --> 01:25:39,039
We would sit, waiting on news,
waiting on who's been arrested,

1687
01:25:39,239 --> 01:25:41,720
waiting on what
is the next plan.

1688
01:25:42,920 --> 01:25:45,399
We had a running battle here
with the police, for instance,

1689
01:25:45,399 --> 01:25:46,680
and the police would come there.

1690
01:25:46,680 --> 01:25:48,640
We would throw
stones about whatever.

1691
01:25:48,640 --> 01:25:50,551
Then I would quickly run.

1692
01:25:52,800 --> 01:25:55,712
I would go and grab a
grandchild in a pram

1693
01:25:55,737 --> 01:25:58,439
and come back
and watch the police

1694
01:25:58,439 --> 01:25:59,840
as if I did nothing.

1695
01:25:59,840 --> 01:26:01,159
Or pretend that
you were the mother.

1696
01:26:01,159 --> 01:26:02,880
Yes. Yes.
- Right.

1697
01:26:02,920 --> 01:26:04,859
Whatever you need to do, right?
- Yes.

1698
01:26:06,119 --> 01:26:08,840
Despite these efforts,
Henriette was arrested

1699
01:26:08,880 --> 01:26:11,095
14 times by the police,

1700
01:26:11,119 --> 01:26:13,560
who routinely beat
political organizers.

1701
01:26:14,439 --> 01:26:17,760
I had comrades
of mine who were tied to beds.

1702
01:26:19,039 --> 01:26:22,039
They would put
things up their rectums.

1703
01:26:23,520 --> 01:26:25,079
Males whose genitals

1704
01:26:25,079 --> 01:26:28,328
were banged
into filing drawers.

1705
01:26:28,695 --> 01:26:29,975
(brooding music)

1706
01:26:30,359 --> 01:26:32,279
Women being taken
by the hair

1707
01:26:32,319 --> 01:26:35,319
thrown from one wall to
the other, to the other.

1708
01:26:37,270 --> 01:26:38,648
(crowd noise)

1709
01:26:40,079 --> 01:26:43,079
Internationally, there was a
growing movement of boycott,

1710
01:26:43,079 --> 01:26:46,307
divestment and sanctions
against apartheid.

1711
01:26:46,338 --> 01:26:47,408
By the 1980s

1712
01:26:47,600 --> 01:26:50,720
South Africa was economically
and culturally isolated.

1713
01:26:51,199 --> 01:26:53,800
Only a few countries,
including the UK

1714
01:26:53,800 --> 01:26:56,800
and US, offered the regime
any support.

1715
01:26:57,119 --> 01:26:59,320
To add to those
economic sanctions

1716
01:26:59,332 --> 01:27:01,199
wouldn't help negotiations.

1717
01:27:01,199 --> 01:27:03,020
It would only make things worse.

1718
01:27:03,043 --> 01:27:05,123
But South Africa
had another secure partner

1719
01:27:05,149 --> 01:27:07,119
throughout this
period of isolation.

1720
01:27:07,600 --> 01:27:08,702
Israel.

1721
01:27:08,981 --> 01:27:10,021
(crowd noise)

1722
01:27:12,600 --> 01:27:15,239
I'm meeting an investigator of
economic crimes

1723
01:27:15,246 --> 01:27:17,039
and human rights violations.

1724
01:27:17,640 --> 01:27:19,685
We got a range of
of documents here

1725
01:27:19,697 --> 01:27:21,640
that come from
different archives

1726
01:27:21,800 --> 01:27:24,020
that tell different parts of the
story, I suppose,

1727
01:27:24,045 --> 01:27:26,277
of the South African Israel
relationship,

1728
01:27:26,288 --> 01:27:27,918
kind of at the
height of apartheid.

1729
01:27:28,000 --> 01:27:30,479
This is from 1976.

1730
01:27:30,479 --> 01:27:32,399
They really need
stuff quite desperately.

1731
01:27:32,399 --> 01:27:35,720
So they've purchased,
six, 130 millimeter

1732
01:27:35,720 --> 01:27:39,600
ammunition systems from
Israel for 2.7 million rand.

1733
01:27:40,039 --> 01:27:41,908
Israel in general
was a huge supplier

1734
01:27:41,920 --> 01:27:43,800
of ammunition to
the apartheid state.

1735
01:27:43,960 --> 01:27:47,079
An additional option has
been obtained for the purchase

1736
01:27:47,079 --> 01:27:49,873
of 14,000 white
phosphorus shells.

1737
01:27:49,898 --> 01:27:51,359
From the mid 1970s

1738
01:27:51,479 --> 01:27:52,890
South Africa was at war,

1739
01:27:52,920 --> 01:27:54,920
trying to topple the left
wing government

1740
01:27:54,935 --> 01:27:57,033
of the newly independent Angola.

1741
01:27:58,800 --> 01:28:00,479
In 1976,

1742
01:28:00,479 --> 01:28:04,159
South African Prime Minister
John Vorster visited Israel amid

1743
01:28:04,159 --> 01:28:07,159
speculation the countries
were working on an arms deal.

1744
01:28:08,560 --> 01:28:11,319
If you look at the amount of
weapons being bought, around

1745
01:28:11,350 --> 01:28:15,542
1 billion USD from the 70s into
the 80s by the apartheid state,

1746
01:28:15,680 --> 01:28:16,800
that's an incredible

1747
01:28:16,800 --> 01:28:20,667
inflow of money into the Israeli
economy just when they need it.

1748
01:28:21,000 --> 01:28:22,921
And so just from a
demand perspective,

1749
01:28:22,934 --> 01:28:24,520
it's an important relationship.

1750
01:28:24,920 --> 01:28:26,336
But then of course, there's the

1751
01:28:26,347 --> 01:28:27,960
secondary benefit
to both states,

1752
01:28:27,960 --> 01:28:30,960
which is the kind of co-creation
of weapons technology.

1753
01:28:31,039 --> 01:28:33,399
So there's a flow
of funds happening,

1754
01:28:33,411 --> 01:28:35,720
but there's also
a flow of expertise

1755
01:28:35,720 --> 01:28:36,800
that the apartheid state

1756
01:28:36,800 --> 01:28:40,548
is able to use Israeli tech to
build their weapons technology.

1757
01:28:40,800 --> 01:28:42,587
Israel also supplied equipment

1758
01:28:42,600 --> 01:28:44,760
used to repress
the anti-apartheid

1759
01:28:44,760 --> 01:28:46,854
movement,
including water cannons

1760
01:28:46,865 --> 01:28:48,832
made by an Israeli kibbutz.

1761
01:28:49,279 --> 01:28:52,279
But the relationship went
deeper than just weapons.

1762
01:28:52,720 --> 01:28:55,560
This is from Milan
to the Chief of General Staff

1763
01:28:55,560 --> 01:28:56,837
for the Israeli Defense Force

1764
01:28:56,862 --> 01:28:58,560
and I think this is
the telling line.

1765
01:28:58,680 --> 01:29:00,208
"It is comforting to know that

1766
01:29:00,220 --> 01:29:02,079
South Africa does
not stand alone

1767
01:29:02,079 --> 01:29:05,079
in facing criticism from
the international community.

1768
01:29:05,319 --> 01:29:08,039
Our respective countries
will have to withstand this

1769
01:29:08,039 --> 01:29:10,319
in all its many manifestations.

1770
01:29:10,319 --> 01:29:12,560
And we keep up
our determination."

1771
01:29:12,560 --> 01:29:13,560
And this is an example.

1772
01:29:13,560 --> 01:29:14,907
But you see in other places

1773
01:29:14,918 --> 01:29:16,560
the South Africans
and the Israeli

1774
01:29:16,560 --> 01:29:18,548
officials writing
to each other with

1775
01:29:18,560 --> 01:29:20,399
that kind of mutual
understanding

1776
01:29:20,399 --> 01:29:23,023
of we're under siege,
we're under attack,

1777
01:29:23,079 --> 01:29:24,560
no one understands us.

1778
01:29:25,159 --> 01:29:26,635
But you do.

1779
01:29:27,319 --> 01:29:28,760
These two countries also

1780
01:29:28,760 --> 01:29:31,760
work together on the development
of their nuclear weapons.

1781
01:29:31,920 --> 01:29:35,439
South Africa supplied Israel
with uranium in the 1960s,

1782
01:29:35,760 --> 01:29:37,621
and they exchange technology.

1783
01:29:37,920 --> 01:29:40,039
Towards the mid
to the late 1980s,

1784
01:29:40,039 --> 01:29:42,069
when South Africa have
essentially developed,

1785
01:29:42,082 --> 01:29:44,239
nuclear weapons capacity,

1786
01:29:44,439 --> 01:29:46,091
we know that
there are high level

1787
01:29:46,104 --> 01:29:47,720
discussions between the Israelis

1788
01:29:47,720 --> 01:29:49,396
and the South Africans about

1789
01:29:49,408 --> 01:29:51,520
missile technology
and developing

1790
01:29:51,520 --> 01:29:54,534
kind of mid to long range
missiles

1791
01:29:54,560 --> 01:29:56,199
that could carry a nuclear load.

1792
01:29:57,359 --> 01:29:59,340
South Africa
gave up its nuclear

1793
01:29:59,351 --> 01:30:01,800
weapons along with
apartheid in the 1990s.

1794
01:30:02,520 --> 01:30:05,161
But by then the army
and security services

1795
01:30:05,172 --> 01:30:07,640
were dependent on
Israeli security tech

1796
01:30:07,960 --> 01:30:10,048
and have remained
so in many sectors,

1797
01:30:10,060 --> 01:30:11,720
including with water cannons.

1798
01:30:12,747 --> 01:30:14,576
It's perhaps not a
surprise then

1799
01:30:14,600 --> 01:30:16,600
that it's a post
apartheid government

1800
01:30:16,920 --> 01:30:18,715
that's mounting the most serious

1801
01:30:18,726 --> 01:30:21,087
challenge to
Israel's war in Gaza.

1802
01:30:21,720 --> 01:30:23,792
In keeping with
our obligation as a

1803
01:30:23,804 --> 01:30:26,119
state party to the
Genocide Convention,

1804
01:30:26,560 --> 01:30:27,880
our government has approached

1805
01:30:27,880 --> 01:30:29,855
the International
Court of Justice to

1806
01:30:29,868 --> 01:30:32,329
prevent the unfolding
genocide in Gaza.

1807
01:30:34,760 --> 01:30:35,720
What we've uncovered

1808
01:30:35,720 --> 01:30:39,600
and detailed is the huge
and close links between

1809
01:30:39,600 --> 01:30:43,199
Israel and apartheid
South Africa for decades.

1810
01:30:43,454 --> 01:30:46,454
And I think it tells us a lot
about how Israel was willing

1811
01:30:46,479 --> 01:30:49,493
to use its technology
not only to survive,

1812
01:30:49,680 --> 01:30:51,479
but to support
other regimes

1813
01:30:51,680 --> 01:30:54,680
that agree with its vision
of racial supremacy.

1814
01:30:55,051 --> 01:30:56,635
(crowd noise)

1815
01:30:59,680 --> 01:31:01,000
I've come back to Israel

1816
01:31:01,000 --> 01:31:04,000
to try to understand
where this idea comes from.

1817
01:31:06,159 --> 01:31:07,920
This is one of the
regular protests

1818
01:31:07,920 --> 01:31:09,273
calling on the government to

1819
01:31:09,284 --> 01:31:11,426
bring the hostages
home from Gaza.

1820
01:31:11,640 --> 01:31:13,414
So hundreds of thousands
of people that way,

1821
01:31:13,439 --> 01:31:15,119
hundreds of thousands
people that way,

1822
01:31:15,319 --> 01:31:17,039
a sea of Israeli flags.

1823
01:31:17,039 --> 01:31:20,039
And there's a stage over there
where some family

1824
01:31:20,039 --> 01:31:23,119
members of hostages
are speaking and demanding

1825
01:31:23,119 --> 01:31:26,326
the government makes a deal
with Hamas to free the hostages.

1826
01:31:26,600 --> 01:31:29,777
I want to hear how people are
thinking about the war on Gaza.

1827
01:31:30,158 --> 01:31:33,362
At the beginning, I was like, I
don't care from the other side.

1828
01:31:33,527 --> 01:31:36,943
- Yeah.
- They brought it on themselves.

1829
01:31:36,984 --> 01:31:37,895
Yes.

1830
01:31:37,920 --> 01:31:39,757
But now, when we know...

1831
01:31:39,770 --> 01:31:42,541
when we understand,
we want the killing to stop.

1832
01:31:42,935 --> 01:31:46,895
And your solution to that is to,
is it to end the war

1833
01:31:46,942 --> 01:31:48,350
or is it to make a deal?
- To end the war?

1834
01:31:48,376 --> 01:31:50,376
To make a deal,
to end the war.

1835
01:31:50,788 --> 01:31:52,868
Bring all of them back home.

1836
01:31:53,960 --> 01:31:55,173
Save lives...

1837
01:31:55,686 --> 01:31:58,087
of... of them,

1838
01:31:58,119 --> 01:32:01,800
of our soldiers... the
people on the other side.

1839
01:32:02,600 --> 01:32:04,039
You mean Palestinians?

1840
01:32:04,039 --> 01:32:06,042
They also have innocent people.

1841
01:32:07,319 --> 01:32:11,565
A lot of people in Israel, even
on the left, centre left,

1842
01:32:11,720 --> 01:32:15,166
actually don't give a damn
about Palestinian life in Gaza,

1843
01:32:15,189 --> 01:32:16,368
in the West Bank.

1844
01:32:16,760 --> 01:32:19,439
And this is... actually
this is part of the problem

1845
01:32:19,439 --> 01:32:21,800
because people here
are fighting for democracy,

1846
01:32:21,800 --> 01:32:23,880
but actually they're fighting
for democracy for the Jew,

1847
01:32:23,880 --> 01:32:25,323
for the Israeli,

1848
01:32:25,347 --> 01:32:28,122
not even for the Palestinians
who live in Israel.

1849
01:32:29,479 --> 01:32:30,916
To find out why this is,

1850
01:32:31,074 --> 01:32:33,606
I'm meeting outspoken
journalist Gideon Levy.

1851
01:32:33,960 --> 01:32:37,680
He puts it down to what he calls
the Israeli mindset.

1852
01:32:38,039 --> 01:32:41,786
Most of the Israelis,
including the secular ones,

1853
01:32:42,000 --> 01:32:44,880
if you scratch under the skin,
you will see

1854
01:32:44,880 --> 01:32:47,500
they truly believe
that we are the chosen people.

1855
01:32:48,239 --> 01:32:52,722
And being the chosen people
means that we have privileges.

1856
01:32:53,640 --> 01:32:56,039
It means that nobody can tell us
what to do.

1857
01:32:56,039 --> 01:32:58,130
And it's becoming
clear that Israel

1858
01:32:58,141 --> 01:33:00,359
sees what happened
on October the 7th

1859
01:33:00,640 --> 01:33:02,511
as justification not only to

1860
01:33:02,524 --> 01:33:04,880
destroy Gaza,
but to resettle it.

1861
01:33:05,079 --> 01:33:07,920
The only way to prevent
that from happening again

1862
01:33:07,920 --> 01:33:12,497
is to return the entire strip
to Jewish sovereignty,

1863
01:33:12,840 --> 01:33:14,079
to be an integral part
of the land

1864
01:33:14,087 --> 01:33:15,412
which it was
always meant to be.

1865
01:33:15,439 --> 01:33:16,279
Right.

1866
01:33:16,319 --> 01:33:18,230
That's the only real
way to bring peace.

1867
01:33:19,079 --> 01:33:20,774
No one's really
sanctioning Israel

1868
01:33:20,786 --> 01:33:22,199
for arms or really anything.

1869
01:33:22,199 --> 01:33:23,239
How does it get away with it?

1870
01:33:23,239 --> 01:33:27,520
Israel developed a very
sophisticated strategy,

1871
01:33:27,520 --> 01:33:30,792
namely, any criticism
about Israel is anti-semitism.

1872
01:33:30,920 --> 01:33:33,920
I don't think there is
one state in the world

1873
01:33:34,199 --> 01:33:37,921
who has the same freedom
to do whatever it wants

1874
01:33:38,359 --> 01:33:40,760
without legal limits,

1875
01:33:40,880 --> 01:33:44,960
without moral limits, without
any international limits.

1876
01:33:45,359 --> 01:33:47,109
I don't think there
is one state in

1877
01:33:47,135 --> 01:33:51,119
the world that not
only ignores endless

1878
01:33:51,119 --> 01:33:53,613
resolutions of the
international community,

1879
01:33:53,640 --> 01:33:57,636
but is also the
darling of the West.

1880
01:34:00,079 --> 01:34:01,680
On this global journey

1881
01:34:01,680 --> 01:34:05,228
one of the things that really
struck me is how ubiquitous

1882
01:34:05,600 --> 01:34:09,033
Israeli surveillance
tech is, border tech,

1883
01:34:09,404 --> 01:34:11,701
but not just equipment actually,
its ideology.

1884
01:34:11,760 --> 01:34:13,279
Because in some
ways, what...

1885
01:34:13,439 --> 01:34:16,864
I'm investigating is not just
the Israeli arms industry,

1886
01:34:17,119 --> 01:34:19,039
which is huge and growing,

1887
01:34:19,319 --> 01:34:24,119
it's also an idea, this idea
that Israel is selling a model,

1888
01:34:24,119 --> 01:34:27,159
a way to... separate

1889
01:34:27,159 --> 01:34:29,997
and control unwanted
populations;

1890
01:34:30,199 --> 01:34:33,840
minorities, so it's Muslims
or others.

1891
01:34:34,520 --> 01:34:36,399
So much of the
world increasingly

1892
01:34:36,436 --> 01:34:38,769
is dealing with
the climate crisis,

1893
01:34:39,079 --> 01:34:42,079
growing numbers of refugees,
well over 100 million.

1894
01:34:42,640 --> 01:34:45,851
And as much of the world moves
to the right and the far right,

1895
01:34:46,287 --> 01:34:49,207
they see this country where I am
now, as that model.

1896
01:34:49,479 --> 01:34:51,239
And in fact, despite what
Israel's doing

1897
01:34:51,279 --> 01:34:52,760
right here in Gaza,

1898
01:34:53,266 --> 01:34:55,488
they see that
in fact, as a reason

1899
01:34:55,560 --> 01:34:57,338
to copy Israel even more,

1900
01:34:57,707 --> 01:34:59,876
because Israel
is already selling and

1901
01:34:59,900 --> 01:35:02,792
promoting and marketing
the repressive tech

1902
01:35:02,920 --> 01:35:04,439
and weapons
that they're using

1903
01:35:04,880 --> 01:35:07,456
in the mass slaughter in Gaza
behind me.

1904
01:35:08,319 --> 01:35:09,872
(tense music)